RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

How every claim is evaluated, structured, and rated. Applied identically to mainstream consensus and alternative hypotheses alike.

← How We Work
01 — The Four-Tier Claim System

Every Claim Gets a Tier

We don't evaluate topics — we evaluate individual claims. A single document about ancient Egypt can contain Tier 1 facts (the Pyramid of Giza exists and was built ~2560 BCE) alongside Tier 3 speculation (it encodes advanced astronomical knowledge) alongside Tier 4 claims (it was built by extraterrestrials). All three appear in the same document, correctly labeled.

Tier 1 — Verified

Peer-Reviewed Consensus

Multiple independent lines of peer-reviewed evidence. Scientific or archaeological consensus. Primary sources confirmed and reproducible.

Tier 2 — Credible

Legitimate Academic Debate

Published by credentialed scholars. Evidence exists, but remains debated among experts. Multiple serious positions present.

Tier 3 — Speculative

Possible but Unverified

Coherent hypothesis without sufficient primary evidence. Popular-author level. Interesting but not proven. Treat with caution.

Tier 4 — Dubious

No Credible Support

No verifiable evidence, or actively contradicted by available evidence. Included for completeness, not endorsement. Flagged with [DEBUNKED] where applicable.

Key rule: Tier 4 claims are never deleted — they are labeled and retained. Understanding why something is wrong is as valuable as knowing what's right.

02 — Source Confidence [N/5] Scoring

Not All Sources Are Equal

Every document receives a weighted bibliography score. Higher-quality sources earn more points. The score determines the [N/5] confidence rating visible on every document header.

Source Type Points Examples
Peer-reviewed journal article 3 pts Nature, Science, PNAS, PLOS ONE, specialized journals
Academic press book / primary text 2 pts Oxford UP, MIT Press, Cambridge, translated ancient texts
Popular book / website / other 1 pt Bestseller non-fiction, documentary, general-audience website
[5/5]
42+ pts
Exceptional
[4/5]
30–41 pts
Strong
[3/5]
22–29 pts
Moderate
[2/5]
14–21 pts
Limited
[1/5]
<14 pts
Minimal
03 — Three Interpretive Lenses

The Same Evidence, Three Framings

Ancient texts and traditions are evaluated through three non-exclusive interpretive lenses. Most phenomena can be read through more than one. We present all applicable lenses rather than declaring one correct.

Mythic

Tradition as mythology, archetype, and cultural psychology. The Jungian and Campbellian reading — universal psychological patterns expressed through narrative. Typically Tier 1–2 when limited to psychological claims.

Literal

Tradition as describing real historical events, entities, or technologies. A Sumerian flood narrative as a record of an actual flood. Higher-risk interpretation — most often Tier 2–4 depending on corroborating evidence.

Symbolic

Tradition as encoding knowledge in allegorical or symbolic form. A serpent representing the regenerative principle in medicine. Often Tier 1–3 — the strongest cases have cross-cultural symbolic consistency confirmed by independent scholars.

04 — Document Structure

Every Document Uses the Same Template

From ancient Sumerian texts to quantum physics to oceanography, every document follows an identical structure. This makes cross-referencing possible and ensures no topic gets special treatment.

  • Header Block Machine-readable metadata: source count, weighted score, [N/5] confidence rating, primary tier, last updated, keywords, category tags, cross-references to related documents.
  • Quick Summary 3–6 sentences capturing the topic and its evidential status. Written to be readable standalone.
  • Tier 1–4 Sections Claims organized by evidence strength — Verified, Credible, Speculative, Dubious. Named scholars appear in bold. Exact dates, measurements with units, institutional attribution required.
  • Counter-Arguments The strongest real, published objections to the document's primary claims. If no credible counter-argument exists (e.g., for settled consensus), an honest "no scholarly dispute" note replaces this section. No invented objections.
  • Bibliography Minimum 5 entries. Chicago style. DOIs and ISBNs where available. Every entry in canonical 12-slot schema, verified against academic databases where possible.
  • Cross-Reference Index Links to related documents with explanations of how they connect. 34,596+ keywords tracked across the corpus for systematic cross-referencing.
05 — Non-Negotiable Rules

Applied Without Exception

These rules are enforced by tooling, not just intention. The pipeline checks compliance automatically on every document.

  • 1Never fabricate sources. Only cite real, verifiable publications.
  • 2Never delete data. Debunked claims get [DEBUNKED] tags and remain visible.
  • 3Always present real counter-arguments. If none exist, say so honestly.
  • 4Always apply tier ratings. No unrated claims in finalized documents.
  • 5Always use source confidence. [N/5] based on weighted bibliography score.
  • 6Always flag uncertainty explicitly — "UNCERTAIN" or "UNKNOWN" when warranted.
  • 7Always date claims. Publication year for every cited source.
  • 8Always note corrections. Updated claims are dated, not silently replaced.
  • 9Never present belief as fact. Even popular claims are rated at their actual tier level.
  • 10Apply the same scrutiny to claims we're inclined to believe as to claims we're inclined to reject.