RESEARCH BASE

Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence

3,721 Documents 34 Sections 43,625 Citations 34,852 Keywords Indexed 4 Evidence Tiers

3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.

2,646 results for "SI second" — page 84 of 133

ZB_5_22 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_22 — Deforestation, Land Use Change & Forest Ecology

Deforestation — the permanent conversion of forested land to non-forest uses — has transformed Earth's landscapes since the Neolithic agricultural revolution and accelerated dramatically since 1950. Between 2001 and 2020

deforestation land use change tropical forest carbon emissions biodiversity loss reforestation
ZB_5_16 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_16 — Ecosystem Services Quantification

Ecosystem services quantification attempts to assign monetary or biophysical values to the benefits that natural systems provide to humanity — including pollination, water purification, carbon sequestration, flood regula

ecosystem-services natural-capital pollination-value TEEB payment-for-ecosystem-services biodiversity-economics
ZB_5_05 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_05 — Extinction Biology and De-Extinction

Extinction — the complete disappearance of a species — is a permanent event that has shaped life's history as profoundly as origination. Background extinction (the normal, continuous loss of species) proceeds at ~0.1–1 s

extinction mass extinction background extinction de-extinction resurrection biology passenger pigeon
ZB_5_20 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_20 — Citizen Science: Public Participation in Scientific Research

Citizen science — also termed community science, participatory science, or public participation in scientific research (PPSR) — involves non-professional volunteers in systematic data collection, analysis, or interpretat

citizen science community science participatory research crowdsourcing eBird galaxy zoo
ZB_5_19 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_19 — The Anthropocene: Human Dominance of Earth Systems and Epoch Dating

The Anthropocene — a proposed geological epoch defined by the dominant influence of human activity on Earth's geology, climate, and ecosystems — has become one of the most consequential and contentious concepts in modern

Anthropocene human impact epoch dating stratigraphic marker Great Acceleration nuclear fallout
ZB_5_03 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_03 — Microbiome Ecology

The microbiome — the collective genomes of the trillions of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) inhabiting a host organism or environment — has emerged as one of the most transformative research areas in 2

microbiome gut microbiota gut-brain axis dysbiosis Human Microbiome Project metagenomics
ZB_5_06 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_06 — Mass Extinction Ecology: Catastrophe, Recovery, and Evolutionary Reset

Mass extinctions — episodes in which >75% of species disappear within a geologically brief interval — have profoundly shaped the history of life on Earth, acting as ecological and evolutionary resets that eliminate domin

mass extinction Big Five Cretaceous-Paleogene Permian-Triassic recovery ecology extinction selectivity
ZB_5_27 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_27 — Human Microbiome: Gut-Brain Axis and Microbial Ecology

The human body hosts approximately 38 trillion microbial cells — roughly equal to the number of human cells — comprising ~3,000 species of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, collectively termed the microbiome. The Hu

human microbiome gut-brain axis microbiota probiotics fecal microbiota transplant dysbiosis
ZB_5_02 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_02 — Biological Networks and Systems Biology

Systems biology investigates how biological function emerges from the collective interactions of molecular components — genes, proteins, metabolites, and signaling molecules — organized into networks. Rather than studyin

systems biology biological networks gene regulatory networks protein-protein interactions metabolic networks signaling pathways
ZB_5_10 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_10 — Disturbance Ecology: Fire, Flood, and Forest Dynamics

Disturbance ecology investigates how natural and anthropogenic perturbations — fire, wind, flood, drought, volcanic eruption, logging, grazing, landslides, and insect outbreaks — influence ecosystem structure, species di

disturbance ecology fire ecology succession intermediate disturbance hypothesis windthrow flood disturbance
ZB_5_12 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_5_12 — Wildlife Disease Ecology: Pathogens in Wild Populations

Wildlife disease ecology examines how infectious diseases (caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, and metazoan parasites) operate within wild animal and plant populations, investigating transmission dynamics, host

wildlife disease epizootic chytrid fungus white-nose syndrome zoonosis spillover
ZB_4_16 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_4_16 — Mangrove Ecosystems

Mangroves are a group of approximately 70 species of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that occupy the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coastlines worldwide, forming dense tidal forests that rank among the most p

mangrove blue carbon coastal wetland Rhizophora Avicennia carbon sequestration
ZB_4_04 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_4_04 — Flight Evolution

Powered flight has evolved independently at least four times in the history of life — in insects (~350 Ma), pterosaurs (~230 Ma), birds (~150 Ma), and bats (~55 Ma) — making it one of evolution's most spectacular converg

flight evolution powered flight gliding insect wing feathered dinosaur pterosaur
ZB_4_07 Credible Ecology & Biology

ZB_4_07 — Deep-Time Ecology: Ecosystems across Geological History

Deep-time ecology reconstructs the structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems over geological time — from the earliest microbial mats of the Archean (>3.5 Ga) through the emergence of complex life in the Ediacaran-C

deep-time ecology paleoecology fossil ecosystems Cambrian explosion reef evolution terrestrialization
ZB_4_01 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_4_01 — Biogeography and Island Biology

Biogeography — the study of the geographic distribution of organisms — was one of Darwin's and Wallace's most powerful lines of evidence for evolution and remains central to modern biology. Alfred Russel Wallace identifi

biogeography island biogeography Wallace line continental drift dispersal vicariance
ZB_4_02 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_4_02 — Extremophiles and Extreme Biology

Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in conditions lethal to most life — extreme heat, cold, acidity, radiation, pressure, salinity, or desiccation. Their discovery has fundamentally expanded understanding of life's b

extremophiles thermophiles halophiles acidophiles psychrophiles radiation resistance
ZB_4_14 Credible Ecology & Biology

ZB_4_14 — Acoustic Ecology: Soundscape Science and Biophonic Monitoring

Acoustic ecology — the study of the relationship between living organisms and their sonic environment — has evolved from an artistic and philosophical discipline into a quantitative ecological science with major conserva

acoustic ecology soundscape biophony Bernie Krause ecoacoustics noise pollution
ZB_4_05 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_4_05 — Urban Ecology: Nature in the City

Urban ecology studies the distribution, abundance, and interactions of organisms within cities and urbanized landscapes — environments that now house over 56% of humanity (projected ~68% by 2050) and cover ~3% of Earth's

urban ecology urban heat island habitat fragmentation synurbization novel ecosystems urban biodiversity
ZB_3_14 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_3_14 — Kelp Forests and Seagrass Meadows: Underwater Gardens of Productivity

Kelp forests and seagrass meadows are the two major groups of marine macrophyte-dominated ecosystems — structurally complex, highly productive underwater habitats that provide essential services including nursery habitat

kelp forest seagrass macroalgae blue carbon urchin barren trophic cascade
ZB_3_21 Verified Ecology & Biology

ZB_3_21 — Soil Microbiome

The soil microbiome encompasses the entire community of microorganisms inhabiting soil — bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses — constituting the most biodiverse ecosystem on Earth. [KEY FINDING] A single gram

soil microbiome rhizosphere mycorrhiza bacteria fungi archaea