RESEARCH BASE

Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence

3,721 documents 34 sections 43,623 citations 34,854 keywords indexed 4 evidence tiers

3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.

2,331 results for "Type Ia supernova" — page 8 of 117

K_3_15 Verified Consciousness

K_3_15 — Anesthesia and the Mechanisms of Consciousness Loss

General anesthesia — the reversible abolition of consciousness through pharmacological agents — is one of the most remarkable phenomena in medicine: it routinely eliminates subjective experience in millions of patients d

anesthesia consciousness-loss general-anesthesia neural-correlates propofol sevoflurane
K_1_09 Consciousness

K_1_09 — Philosophical Zombies and the Hard Problem

The philosophical zombie (p-zombie) thought experiment, formalized by David Chalmers (1996), asks: Could there exist a being physically and functionally identical to a conscious human — identical atom for atom, processin

philosophical zombie p-zombie hard problem of consciousness David Chalmers explanatory gap qualia
K_1_14 Credible Consciousness

K_1_14 — Qualia: The Subjective Experience Problem

Qualia (singular: quale) — the term used in philosophy of mind for the subjective, experiential properties of conscious mental states — the redness of red, the painfulness of pain, the taste of coffee, the felt quality o

qualia subjective experience hard problem phenomenal consciousness Mary's Room what-it-is-like
Y_2_03 Altered States

Y_2_03 — Synchronicity, Meaningful Coincidence, and Acausal Connection

Synchronicity—defined by Carl Jung as "meaningful coincidence with no causal connection"—represents one of the most provocative concepts at the intersection of psychology, physics, and philosophy. Developed through Jung'

synchronicity Jung Pauli meaningful coincidence acausal seriality
K_4_13 Verified Consciousness

K_4_13 — Mirror Neurons and Social Cognition

Mirror neurons are a class of neurons, first discovered in the early 1990s in the premotor cortex (area F5) of macaque monkeys by Giacomo Rizzolatti, Vittorio Gallese, and colleagues at the University of Parma, that fire

mirror neuron social cognition empathy imitation action understanding premotor cortex
K_4_11 Consciousness

K_4_11 — Collective Consciousness & the Collective Unconscious

Collective consciousness — whether framed as Durkheim's sociological construct, Jung's archetypal collective unconscious, or ancient concepts like the Akashic Records and the Noosphere — describes a shared psychic field

collective consciousness collective unconscious Jung Durkheim archetypes Global Consciousness Project
K_5_13 Credible Consciousness

K_5_13 — Integrated World Models: Bayesian Brain and Consciousness

The Bayesian brain hypothesis proposes that the brain is fundamentally a prediction machine — it constructs and maintains internal generative models of the world (including the body), uses these models to generate predic

Bayesian brain predictive processing predictive coding free energy principle Friston Helmholtz
K_5_11 Credible Consciousness

K_5_11 — Synaesthesia and Consciousness: Cross-Modal Binding

Synaesthesia (British spelling; "synesthesia" in American English) is a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway automatically triggers an involuntary experience in a second, unstim

synaesthesia synesthesia cross-modal grapheme-color sound-color chromesthesia
K_5_03 Consciousness

K_5_03 — Psychosomatic Medicine and Mind–Body Interaction

Psychosomatic medicine investigates the bidirectional relationship between psychological processes and physical health — how mental states, emotions, beliefs, and social contexts influence bodily disease, and how physica

psychosomatic medicine mind-body interaction somatization functional somatic syndromes psychoneuroimmunology PNI
E_2_25 Verified Cataclysms & Chronology

E_2_25 — Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs): Catastrophic Drainage Events

Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) — also known by the Icelandic term jökulhlaup — are sudden, catastrophic releases of water from glacially dammed or moraine-dammed lakes, producing some of the largest known flood eve

GLOF glacial lake outburst flood jökulhlaup Missoula floods channeled scablands ice dam
E_4_25 Verified Cataclysms & Chronology

E_4_25 — Bayesian Age Modeling: Statistical Frameworks for Archaeological Chronology

Bayesian age modeling — the application of Bayesian statistical inference to combine radiocarbon dates with prior archaeological knowledge (stratigraphy, typology, historical constraints) to produce refined chronological

Bayesian chronology radiocarbon calibration OxCal prior probability posterior probability Buck
E_5_03 Verified Cataclysms & Chronology

E_5_03 — The End-Triassic Mass Extinction

The End-Triassic mass extinction (c. 201.564 ± 0.015 million years ago) was one of the "Big Five" mass extinctions in Earth's history, eliminating approximately 76% of all species and ~50% of genera, clearing the ecologi

End-Triassic Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction CAMP Central Atlantic Magmatic Province CO2
E_5_02 Verified Cataclysms & Chronology

E_5_02 — The Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction

The Late Ordovician mass extinction (c. 445–444 million years ago, at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary) was the second-most severe extinction event in Earth's history in terms of percentage of species lost — approximatel

Ordovician Silurian mass extinction Hirnantian glaciation Late Ordovician graptolites
ZG_2_04 Verified Linguistics & Communication

ZG_2_04 — Oral-Formulaic Composition — Parry-Lord Theory

The oral-formulaic theory (also called the Parry-Lord theory) is one of the most influential discoveries in 20th-century humanities: the demonstration that great oral epics like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey were not compose

oral tradition oral poetry Milman Parry Albert Lord oral-formulaic formula
ZG_1_04 Verified Linguistics & Communication

ZG_1_04 — Chinese Characters — Logographic Writing Across Millennia

Chinese characters (hànzì, 汉字) constitute the world's longest continuously used writing system, attested from the Shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions (~1250 BCE) to the present day — a span of over 3,200 years with no

Chinese characters hanzi oracle bone jiaguwen bronze inscription radical
ZG_1_08 Verified Linguistics & Communication

ZG_1_08 — Phoenician Alphabet — The Revolution from Consonants to Letters

The Phoenician alphabet — a 22-letter consonantal ("abjad") script developed by Phoenician-speaking Canaanites along the Levantine coast by ~1050 BCE — is arguably the single most consequential writing innovation in huma

Phoenician alphabet consonantal abjad Byblos Tyre
ZG_3_05 Verified Linguistics & Communication

ZG_3_05 — Language and Thought: Cognitive Semantics

The relationship between language and thought — whether the language we speak shapes, constrains, or determines how we perceive, categorize, and reason about the world — is one of the oldest and most debated questions in

linguistic relativity Sapir-Whorf hypothesis cognitive semantics Lakoff conceptual metaphor image schema
J_3_09 Verified Ancient Technology

J_3_09 — Persian Qanats: Underground Water Engineering

The qanat (also karez, kariz, foggara, falaj) is an underground water management system developed in ancient Persia (modern Iran) that represents one of the most sustainable and ingenious hydraulic engineering achievemen

qanat kariz karez Persia Iran underground
J_2_25 Verified Ancient Technology

J_2_25 — Meteoritic Iron, Celestial Metal, and Pre-Iron Age Metalworking

Before humanity learned to smelt iron from terrestrial ore — a technology that emerged around 1200 BCE in the Eastern Mediterranean and earlier (c. 2000 BCE) in sub-Saharan Africa — the only source of metallic iron avail

meteoritic iron Tutankhamun dagger iron meteorite Widmanstätten pattern nickel content pre-Iron Age
J_2_21 Credible Ancient Technology

J_2_21 — The Baghdad Battery: Electrochemistry in Ancient Mesopotamia?

The "Baghdad Battery" — more precisely the Khujut Rabu artifacts — refers to a set of small ceramic jars containing copper cylinders and iron rods, discovered in 1936 during excavations at Khujut Rabu (also spelled Khuju

Baghdad Battery Parthian Battery Khujut Rabu galvanic cell electroplating Wilhelm König