RESEARCH BASE

Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence

3,721 Documents 34 Sections 43,625 Citations 34,852 Keywords Indexed 4 Evidence Tiers

3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.

2,315 results for "solve et coagula" — page 72 of 116

Q_1_05 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_1_05 — Holographic Principle

The holographic principle proposes that all information contained within a volume of space can be encoded on the boundary surface of that region. First suggested by Gerard 't Hooft (1993) and developed by Leonard Susskin

holographic principle AdS/CFT black hole information Bekenstein bound 't Hooft Susskind
Q_1_07 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_1_07 — CMB Anomalies and the Axis of Evil

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) — the afterglow of the Big Bang, emitted ~380,000 years after the universe began — is the most precisely measured radiation in the history of science. It matches the theoretical pred

CMB cosmic microwave background WMAP Planck anisotropy anomaly
Q_1_13 Credible Cosmology & Physics

Q_1_13 — Cosmic Strings and Topological Defects

Cosmic strings are one-dimensional topological defects that may have formed during symmetry-breaking phase transitions in the early universe, analogous to cracks in ice or vortex lines in superfluids. Predicted by Kibble

cosmic strings topological defects phase transition domain walls magnetic monopoles textures
Q_1_10 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_1_10 — Cosmic Inflation and the First Second

Cosmic inflation — the hypothesis that the universe underwent an exponential expansion in the first 10⁻³⁶ to 10⁻³² seconds after the Big Bang — was proposed by Alan Guth in 1981 to resolve critical problems in standard B

cosmic inflation Alan Guth inflationary epoch eternal inflation multiverse horizon problem
Q_1_09 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_1_09 — Fate of the Universe

How will the universe end? This question has moved from philosophy and eschatology into hard physics, driven by the 1998 discovery that the universe's expansion is ACCELERATING (Riess et al. 1998; Perlmutter et al. 1999

heat death Big Rip Big Crunch Big Bounce Big Freeze cosmological constant
Q_1_20 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_1_20 — Fractal Cosmology: Is the Universe Self-Similar Across Scales?

The observable universe organises matter into a staggering fractal-like web of galaxy filaments, walls, voids, and clusters — structures visible at scales from 1 Mpc (galaxy groups) to 600 Mpc (the Hercules-Corona Boreal

fractal cosmology cosmic web large-scale structure fractal dimension self-similarity galactic clustering
Q_4_02 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_02 — Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Gravitational waves — ripples in spacetime predicted by Einstein's general relativity (1916) and first directly detected by LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) on September 14, 2015 (event GW150914

gravitational waves LIGO Virgo KAGRA laser interferometer binary merger
Q_4_08 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_08 — String Theory: Landscape, Extra Dimensions, and M-Theory

String theory is the leading candidate for a unified theory of all fundamental forces and particles — a framework in which the fundamental entities are not point particles but tiny, one-dimensional vibrating strings (ope

string theory superstring theory M-theory extra dimensions compactification Calabi-Yau
Q_4_31 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_31 — Water Memory, Anomalous Properties, and Homeopathy Critique

The "water memory" hypothesis — the claim that water retains a structural or informational imprint of substances previously dissolved in it, even after dilution past Avogadro's number — sits at the center of one of 20th-

water memory Jacques Benveniste homeopathy ultra-dilution Luc Montagnier electromagnetic signals
Q_4_04 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_04 — Neutrino Astronomy and Neutrino Mass

Neutrinos — nearly massless, electrically neutral leptons that interact only via the weak nuclear force and gravity — are among the most abundant particles in the universe (~330/cm³ relic neutrinos from the Big Bang) yet

neutrino neutrino astronomy neutrino oscillation neutrino mass solar neutrino problem SNO
Q_4_28 Speculative Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_28 — Tachyon Physics: Theoretical Possibility

Tachyons are hypothetical particles that travel faster than the speed of light, first given rigorous theoretical treatment by Gerald Feinberg of Columbia University in 1967. The concept builds on a peculiar feature of sp

tachyon faster-than-light imaginary mass causality Feinberg superluminal
Q_4_03 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_03 — General Relativity Tests and Confirmations

Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity (GR, 1915) has survived over a century of increasingly precise experimental tests, ranging from Solar System measurements to strong-field astrophysical observations. The cla

general relativity GR tests equivalence principle gravitational redshift perihelion precession Mercury
Q_4_13 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_13 — Classical Mechanics: Newton, Lagrange, Hamilton, and the Action Principle

Classical mechanics — the study of the motion of bodies under the action of forces — is the oldest and most mature branch of physics, tracing from Galileo's kinematics (1638) and Newton's three laws and universal gravita

classical mechanics Newton Lagrange Hamilton action principle least action
Q_4_01 Credible Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_01 — Primordial Gravitational Waves and B-Mode Polarization

Primordial gravitational waves — ripples in spacetime generated during cosmic inflation — represent one of the most sought-after signals in cosmology. Their detection would provide direct evidence that inflation occurred

primordial gravitational waves B-mode polarization CMB polarization inflation tensor modes tensor-to-scalar ratio
Q_4_26 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_26 — Bose-Einstein Condensates: Physics and Applications

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter formed when a gas of bosons (particles with integer spin) is cooled to temperatures near absolute zero — typically below 1 microkelvin ($10^{-6}$ K) — causing a macro

Bose-Einstein condensate BEC superfluidity quantum gas laser cooling Cornell
Q_4_32 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_32 — The Fundamental Constants: Physics, Life, and Mathematics

The universe runs on numbers — and not arbitrary ones. A small set of fundamental constants, mostly dimensionless, determines every property of matter, energy, space, and time. Change any of them by a fraction and atoms

fundamental constants physical constants CODATA 2022 speed of light Planck constant gravitational constant
Q_4_12 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_4_12 — Optics: Refraction, Diffraction, and the Nature of Light

Optics — the science of light and vision — is one of the oldest branches of physics, with roots in ancient Greece, the Islamic Golden Age, and the European Scientific Revolution, and it remains central to modern technolo

optics light refraction reflection diffraction interference
Q_2_13 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_2_13 — Interstellar Medium, Dust, and Nebulae

The space between stars is far from empty — the interstellar medium (ISM) is a complex, dynamic ecosystem of gas, dust, magnetic fields, and cosmic rays that pervades galaxies and plays a central role in stellar birth, d

interstellar medium ISM interstellar dust nebula emission nebula planetary nebula
Q_2_08 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_2_08 — Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei

Quasars (quasi-stellar objects) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) are the most luminous persistent objects in the universe, powered by accretion of matter onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs, 10⁶–10¹⁰ M☉) at galaxy cente

quasar active galactic nucleus AGN supermassive black hole accretion disk Seyfert galaxy
Q_2_12 Verified Cosmology & Physics

Q_2_12 — Cosmic Nucleosynthesis and Primordial Helium Abundance

Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) — the formation of the lightest elements during the first ~20 minutes after the Big Bang — stands as one of the most remarkable quantitative successes of modern cosmology. With only one fre

Big Bang nucleosynthesis BBN primordial nucleosynthesis helium abundance deuterium abundance lithium problem