RESEARCH BASE

Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence

3,721 Documents 34 Sections 43,625 Citations 34,852 Keywords Indexed 4 Evidence Tiers

3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.

2,036 results for "CT scan" — page 46 of 102

K_4_09 Credible Consciousness

K_4_09 — Consciousness, Virtual Reality, and Simulated Environments

Virtual reality (VR) has become one of the most powerful tools for investigating the construction of conscious experience — particularly body ownership, self-location, embodiment, spatial presence, and the boundaries of

virtual reality consciousness VR presence rubber hand illusion body ownership Botvinick Cohen virtual body ownership
K_2_04 Credible Consciousness

K_2_04 — Attention and Awareness

Attention and awareness are intimately linked yet dissociable aspects of consciousness. Attention — the selective processing of some information at the expense of other information — is a fundamental bottleneck in human

attention awareness selective attention inattentional blindness change blindness attentional blink
K_2_15 Verified Consciousness

K_2_15 — Glial Cells and the Tripartite Synapse: The Brain's Other Half

Glial cells (neuroglia) — comprising astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and NG2 glia in the central nervous system, plus Schwann cells and satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system — constitute approximately

glia astrocyte microglia oligodendrocyte Schwann cell tripartite synapse
K_2_05 Credible Consciousness

K_2_05 — Unconscious Processing

The cognitive unconscious — mental processes that influence behavior, emotion, and decision-making without reaching conscious awareness — is one of the most empirically robust phenomena in psychology and neuroscience. Fa

unconscious processing subliminal perception implicit memory priming blindsight automatic processing
K_2_21 Verified Consciousness

K_2_21 — Transcranial Brain Stimulation: tDCS, TMS, and Deep Brain Stimulation

Transcranial brain stimulation encompasses a family of techniques that modulate neural activity by delivering energy — magnetic pulses, electrical current, or implanted electrodes — to specific brain regions. The three p

transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS deep brain stimulation DBS
K_2_06 Credible Consciousness

K_2_06 — Neurofeedback and Brain Training

Neurofeedback — the real-time display of brain activity (typically EEG) to enable individuals to learn self-regulation of neural dynamics through operant conditioning — has been investigated since the pioneering work of

neurofeedback EEG biofeedback brain training operant conditioning EEG SMR training alpha-theta training
K_2_03 Credible Consciousness

K_2_03 — Neural Correlates of Consciousness

The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) are the minimal neuronal mechanisms jointly sufficient for any one specific conscious experience. The systematic search for NCCs was launched by Francis Crick and Christof Koc

neural correlates of consciousness NCC Francis Crick Christof Koch visual awareness binocular rivalry
K_2_22 Verified Consciousness

K_2_22 — Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and Neural Excitability

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins whose conformation depends on membrane potential, opening a selective pore for Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, or Cl⁻ when voltage thresholds are crossed. They are the molecular engin

ion channels voltage-gated sodium channel potassium channel calcium channel action potential
K_2_16 Verified Consciousness

K_2_16 — Optogenetics: Light-Controlled Neural Circuits

Optogenetics is a biological technique that uses genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins (opsins) to control the activity of specific neurons with millisecond precision using light. Developed primarily by Karl Deiss

optogenetics channelrhodopsin halorhodopsin archaerhodopsin ChR2 opsins
K_2_10 Verified Consciousness

K_2_10 — Neural Entrainment: External Rhythmic Brain Synchronization

Neural entrainment — the process by which rhythmic external stimuli (sound, light, tactile vibration, or electromagnetic fields) synchronize the timing of neural oscillations in the brain — is a well-established neurophy

neural entrainment brainwave entrainment auditory entrainment photic driving rhythmic stimulation neural oscillation
K_2_09 Verified Consciousness

K_2_09 — Neuroscience of Free Will

The neuroscience of free will centers on experiments testing whether conscious intention precedes or follows the neural preparation for action. Benjamin Libet's landmark 1983 experiments showed that the brain's "readines

free will Libet experiment readiness potential Bereitschaftspotential Benjamin Libet determinism
K_2_08 Credible Consciousness

K_2_08 — The Binding Problem in Consciousness

The binding problem asks how the brain creates unified, coherent conscious experiences from the distributed, specialized processing activity of millions of neurons across separate brain regions. When you see a red ball r

binding problem feature binding neural synchrony gamma oscillations temporal binding perceptual binding
K_5_10 Credible Consciousness

K_5_10 — Theories of Self: No-Self, Minimal Self, Narrative Self

The self — the sense of being a unified, continuous subject of experience — is one of the most fundamental yet puzzling features of consciousness. Who or what is the "I" that sees, thinks, remembers, and acts? Theories o

self no-self anatta minimal self narrative self personal identity
K_5_02 Verified Consciousness

K_5_02 — Pain, Consciousness, and the Nature of Suffering

Pain is one of the most philosophically revealing phenomena in consciousness studies: it is simultaneously a sensory detection system, an emotional experience, a cognitive evaluation, and a social communication — and the

pain consciousness suffering neuroscience pain matrix neuromatrix theory Melzack gate control affective pain
K_5_04 Credible Consciousness

K_5_04 — Neuroscience of Belief

Belief — the mental state of holding something to be true — is a cornerstone of conscious experience, shaping perception, memory, emotion, decision-making, and behavior. The neuroscience of belief has revealed that belie

belief neuroscience belief formation cognitive biases confirmation bias belief perseverance motivated reasoning
K_5_06 Verified Consciousness

K_5_06 — Dreaming and Consciousness: Why We Dream

Dreaming — the experience of structured hallucinatory consciousness during sleep — is one of the most remarkable features of the human mind and a central challenge for any theory of consciousness. Every night, for a tota

dream REM sleep consciousness lucid dream Hobson activation-synthesis
K_5_08 Verified Consciousness

K_5_08 — Metacognition: Thinking About Thinking

Metacognition — literally "cognition about cognition" or "thinking about thinking" — refers to the human capacity to monitor, evaluate, and regulate one's own cognitive processes. When you realize you don't understand a

metacognition metamemory meta-awareness thinking about thinking monitoring control
K_5_07 Verified Consciousness

K_5_07 — Psychophysics: Measuring the Relationship Between Mind and World

Psychophysics — literally "the physics of the soul/mind" — is the scientific study of the quantitative relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. Founded by Gustav Theodor Fech

psychophysics Fechner Weber Stevens signal detection theory threshold
K_5_09 Credible Consciousness

K_5_09 — Consciousness and Time Perception: How the Brain Creates Now

Time is perhaps the most intimate dimension of consciousness: every conscious experience occurs in time, and our sense of temporal flow — the feeling that time "passes," that the present moment is real and moving forward

time perception temporal consciousness specious present subjective time chronesthesia time dilation
K_5_11 Credible Consciousness

K_5_11 — Synaesthesia and Consciousness: Cross-Modal Binding

Synaesthesia (British spelling; "synesthesia" in American English) is a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway automatically triggers an involuntary experience in a second, unstim

synaesthesia synesthesia cross-modal grapheme-color sound-color chromesthesia