ZE_3_02 — Bioethics and Medical Ethics

Bioethics — the systematic study of ethical issues arising from biological sciences and medicine — emerged as a formal discipline in the 1960s–70s in response to rapid medical advances (organ transplantation, intensive c

R_2_13 — Mammalian Radiation: Post-Cretaceous Diversification

The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction 66 million years ago — triggered by an asteroid impact and possibly exacerbated by Deccan Traps volcanism — eliminated the non-avian dinosaurs and opened vast ecological ni

F_2_06 — Tin Sources and the Bronze Age Mystery

The Bronze Age (c. 3300–1200 BCE) depended fundamentally on tin — the scarce metal alloyed with copper to produce bronze (typically 88–92% copper, 8–12% tin). While copper was widely available across the Mediterranean, N

F_3_02 — Manichaean Transmission Along the Silk Road

This document examines Manichaean Transmission Along the Silk Road, a topic within the Lost Connections research area. Key areas of investigation include The Visionary Experience, The Deliberate Synthesis, Mani's Travels

A_4_00 — Asian Indigenous Eastern: Subfolder Summary

W_2_18 — Majapahit Empire

The Majapahit Empire (1293–c. 1527 CE) was the last major Hindu-Buddhist state in Java and arguably the most powerful maritime polity in Southeast Asian history. At its zenith under King Hayam Wuruk (r. 1350–1389) and hi

W_2_11 — East Asian Ancestor Veneration Systems

Ancestor veneration — the ritual maintenance of relationships with deceased family members through offerings, prayers, and commemorative ceremonies — constitutes the deepest continuous layer of East Asian religious pract

W_2_00 — Asian Civilizations: Subfolder Summary

ZH_2_00 — Asian Islamic Indian: Subfolder Summary

C_5_09 — Georgian/Caucasian Mythology and the Prometheus Connection

- [Quick Summary](#quick-summary)

D_1_15 — Angkor Thom and Bayon: Faces of the Devaraja

Angkor Thom ("Great City") — the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer Empire — was built by Jayavarman VII (r. c. 1181–1218 CE) as a walled, moated urban complex of approximately 9 square kilometers in presen

D_1_18 — Taş Tepeler: Pre-Pottery Neolithic Ritual Network of Southeastern Turkey

Taş Tepeler ("Stone Hills") is a Turkish government-sponsored archaeological research program and site network encompassing at least 12 Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) sites in the Şanlıurfa Province of southeastern Turkey,

D_3_00 — Americas Africa Asia Sites: Subfolder Summary

H_1_08 — Destruction of Nalanda and Asian Knowledge Centers

The destruction of Nalanda — the world's first residential university, operating continuously for approximately 700 years (5th–12th centuries CE) in what is now Bihar, India — represents one of the most consequential epi

A_4_40 — Avesta & Zoroastrian Scripture

The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts in Zoroastrianism, the ancient Persian religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster), traditionally dated between 1500–1000 BCE. The oldest section, the Gath

A_4_28 — Nihon Shoki: Japan's Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns

The Nihon Shoki (日本書紀, "Chronicles of Japan," also known as Nihongi) is the second-oldest extant Japanese historical text (after the Kojiki, 712 CE), completed in 720 CE under the supervision of Prince Toneri (舎人親王, 676–

A_4_27 — Korean Samguk Yusa: Myths, Miracles, and the Foundations of Korean Identity

The Samguk Yusa (삼국유사, "Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms") is a collection of legends, folktales, Buddhist miracle stories, and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla) a

A_4_29 — Mongolian & Turkic Epic Traditions

The Mongolian and Turkic epic traditions constitute one of the world's great oral literary heritages, spanning from the Altai Mountains to Anatolia across more than two millennia. Central texts include the Secret History

W_2_24 — Chola Empire

The Chola Empire (c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE), with its imperial zenith under Rajaraja I (r. 985–1014 CE) and Rajendra I (r. 1014–1044 CE), was the most powerful naval and territorial state in medieval South and Southeast Asia

W_2_25 — Tocharian Civilization & Tarim Basin

The Tocharian civilization of the Tarim Basin (modern Xinjiang, China) represents one of the great puzzles of Indo-European studies: a population speaking the easternmost Indo-European languages — Tocharian A (Agnean) an