RESEARCH BASE
Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence
3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.
99 results for "Islamic calendar" — page 4 of 5
ZH_2_05 — Japanese and Korean Astronomical Traditions
The astronomical traditions of Japan and Korea developed in close dialogue with Chinese astronomy — but were far from mere copies. Both civilizations adapted Chinese astronomical models, instruments, and calendrical meth
ZH_2_11 — Southeast Asian Astronomy: Thai, Burmese, Khmer, and Indonesian Traditions
The astronomical traditions of Southeast Asia — Thailand (Siam), Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia (Khmer), Java, Bali, and the wider Malay-Indonesian archipelago — represent a distinctive synthesis of Indian, indigenous, and (i
ZH_2_10 — Astronomical Alignments in Medieval Architecture: Cathedrals and Mosques
Medieval cathedrals and mosques — two of the most ambitious architectural traditions in history — both incorporate astronomical considerations into their design, though in different ways and for different reasons. Christ
ZH_2_06 — Astronomy in the Rig Veda and Early Indian Texts
The Rig Veda — the oldest of the four Vedas and among the oldest religious texts still in continuous use (~1500–1200 BCE, though dating is debated) — contains hymns, references, and cosmological imagery that reflect the
ZH_2_15 — Astronomical Time: Defining Days, Years, Hours, and the Second
The measurement and definition of time is humanity's oldest astronomical enterprise — and one that has undergone a radical transformation from celestial observation to atomic precision. The fundamental units derive from
ZH_1_04 — Nebra Sky Disk: Bronze Age Star Map Analysis
The Nebra sky disk (Himmelsscheibe von Nebra) is a bronze disk approximately 30 cm in diameter, decorated with gold-leaf appliqué representing the sun (or full moon), a crescent moon, stars (including a cluster interpret
ZH_1_20 — Egyptian Decans & Star Clocks: Timekeeping by the Night Sky
The Egyptian decan system — a method of dividing the night sky into 36 stellar groups (decans) whose sequential heliacal risings (first visible appearance on the eastern horizon just before sunrise) marked ten-day period
ZH_1_08 — Sundials, Gnomons, and Ancient Timekeeping Devices
The gnomon — a vertical stick, pillar, or edge that casts a shadow — is arguably the oldest scientific instrument in human history, requiring nothing more than a straight object placed in sunlight to measure time, determ
ZH_1_14 — Roman Astronomy: Pliny, Manilius, and Imperial Star Observation
Roman civilization, despite its monumental achievements in engineering, law, and governance, made relatively few original contributions to astronomical theory — instead, Rome inherited, compiled, applied, and transmitted
ZH_1_07 — Antikythera Mechanism: World's First Astronomical Computer
The Antikythera mechanism is a corroded mass of bronze gears and inscribed plates recovered in 1901 from an ancient shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, dated to approximately 60–70 BCE (though the mechanism it
C_4_11 — Berber/Amazigh Mythology and North African Traditions
The Amazigh (Berber) peoples represent one of North Africa's oldest continuous cultural traditions, with the Tamazight language family classified within the Afro-Asiatic phylum and archaeological presence documented acro
C_5_29 — Moon Mythology: Lunar Deities, Cycles, and Symbolism Across Cultures
The Moon — the most visible and regularly changing celestial object — has been a primary religious and mythological symbol for every known culture. Its predictable cycle of waxing, full, waning, and new (approximately 29
C_5_03 — Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Indigenous knowledge systems represent the longest-running experiments in human survival — the Australian Aboriginal peoples have maintained continuous cultural practice for 65,000+ years, making theirs the oldest living
C_3_05 — Aztec Cosmology and the Five Suns
Aztec (Mexica) cosmology describes the universe as having passed through four previous ages (Suns), each created and destroyed by different gods through catastrophic events — jaguars, wind, fire-rain, and flood. We live
ZF_3_06 — Polynesian and Indigenous Ocean Knowledge
Indigenous and Pacific Islander communities have accumulated millennia of empirical ocean knowledge — encompassing navigation, marine ecology, fisheries management, weather prediction, tidal patterns, and ocean-land rela
K_2_20 — Savant Syndrome — Neuroscience of Extraordinary Ability
Savant syndrome — the coexistence of extraordinary ability in a specific domain with significant cognitive disability or neurodevelopmental condition — was first described medically by J. Langdon Down (the physician who
J_5_08 — Ancient Astronomical Instruments
Before the invention of the telescope (1608 CE), astronomical observation relied entirely on naked-eye instruments — devices for measuring the angular positions of celestial objects, tracking their motions, and computing
INTERDOC_47 — Islamic Institutional Suppression: A Comprehensive Timeline of Knowledge Control By and Against the Muslim World
Suppression events in this timeline are categorized by mechanism: S-active (deliberate targeted action by an identifiable actor — book burnings, executions, physical destruction), S-structural (institutional gatekeeping
INTERDOC_29 — Sacred Number, Geometry, and Architecture
The golden ratio (φ = 1.6180339...) — defined as the ratio where the whole is to the larger part as the larger part is to the smaller — appears in: the Parthenon façade (debated — Markowsky, 1992, argues the measurements
G_4_02 — Astrology as Historical Force and Political Tool
Astrology — the interpretation of celestial positions as meaningful for human affairs — is distinct from archaeoastronomy (→ [D_5_08](../../D_Sites_and_Artifacts/D5_Sacred_Geometry_Art_Symbolism/D_5_08_Archaeoastronomy_S
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