RESEARCH BASE
Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence
3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.
956 results for "Ian Cook" — page 38 of 48
ZE_4_05 — Ethics of Global Justice and Human Rights
Global justice asks what moral obligations individuals and states owe to people beyond their borders, and whether justice requires global institutional reform. Human rights — rights held by all persons simply by virtue o
ZE_4_15 — Ethics of Nuclear Weapons: Deterrence, MAD, and Abolition
The ethics of nuclear weapons constitutes one of the most consequential moral questions of the modern era: Can the threat to annihilate millions of civilians ever be morally justified? Since the atomic bombings of Hirosh
ZE_4_13 — Ethics of Wealth and Poverty: Rawls, Nozick, Singer, and Distributive Justice
The ethics of wealth and poverty asks one of the most consequential moral questions: What do the affluent owe the poor? And, more broadly, what constitutes a just distribution of resources? Three towering 20th-century ph
ZE_4_01 — Just War Theory and Ethics of Violence
Just war theory — the ethical framework for evaluating when the use of military force is morally justified and how it may be conducted — has roots in classical antiquity (Cicero, Augustine) and medieval theology (Aquinas
ZE_3_05 — Ethics of Genetic Engineering
The ethics of genetic engineering confronts humanity's growing capacity to alter the genetic code of organisms — including humans — raising questions about the limits of technological intervention in nature, the distinct
ZE_3_16 — Taboo Foods and Sacred Dietary Laws: Cosmology of Eating
No aspect of human life is more universally regulated by religion and culture than eating. Every known society has food taboos — categories of substances that are forbidden, restricted, or ritually controlled — and many
ZE_3_17 — CRISPR Ethics: Gene Editing and the Future of Humanity
The development of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing — demonstrated by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier in 2012 (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2020) — created the most precise, accessible, and affordable tool for modifying
ZE_3_11 — Food Ethics — Agriculture, Animal Use, and Sacred Dietary Laws
Food ethics examines the moral dimensions of what we eat and how we produce it — spanning agricultural systems, animal use, sacred dietary laws, environmental impact, and distributive justice. Industrial animal agricultu
ZE_3_03 — Animal Ethics and Rights
Animal ethics addresses the moral status of non-human animals and the ethical obligations humans have toward them — a field that has been transformed since the 1970s by philosophical arguments challenging the human-cente
ZE_3_04 — Ethics of Technology and Surveillance
Surveillance ethics addresses the moral implications of monitoring individuals and populations through technological means and the tension between security and privacy. The field draws on a long philosophical lineage — J
ZE_1_14 — Platonic Ethics: Justice, the Good, and the Philosopher-King
Plato (c. 428–348 BCE) stands as one of the foundational architects of Western ethical philosophy. While his metaphysical doctrines — the Theory of Forms, the immortality of the soul, the cosmology of the Timaeus — are t
ZE_1_07 — Social Contract Theory
Social contract theory holds that political authority and moral/political obligations are grounded in an agreement — actual or hypothetical — among individuals to form a society and accept governance. The theory addresse
ZE_1_06 — Deontological Ethics and Kant
Deontological ethics (from Greek deon, "duty") holds that the morality of an action depends on whether it conforms to a rule or duty, not on its consequences. The most influential deontologist is Immanuel Kant (1724–1804
ZE_1_04 — Virtue Ethics — Aristotle to MacIntyre
Virtue ethics is the ethical tradition that focuses not on rules for action (deontology — ZE_1_06) or on consequences (utilitarianism — ZE_1_05) but on character: What kind of person should I be? What human excellences (
ZE_1_18 — Transhumanism and Post-Human Ethics
Transhumanism is an intellectual and cultural movement advocating the use of technology (genetic engineering, pharmacology, cybernetics, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence) to radically enhance human capabilities —
ZE_1_01 — Ethics Across Civilizations: Universal Moral Patterns
Despite vast cultural differences, virtually every civilization in human history has independently developed strikingly similar core moral principles: reciprocity (the Golden Rule), prohibitions against murder and theft,
ZE_2_02 — Prophecy, Divination, and Oracular Traditions
Divination — the practice of obtaining knowledge of the unknown (future, hidden, distant) through non-ordinary means — is arguably the most universal religious/intellectual practice in human history. Every documented civ
ZE_2_05 — Buddhist Ethics and Ahimsa
Buddhist ethics (sila) forms one of the three pillars of the Buddhist path (alongside meditation [samadhi] and wisdom [prajna]) and is grounded in the Four Noble Truths (suffering exists; it arises from craving; it can b
ZE_2_01 — Alchemy and Transmutation Across Civilizations
Alchemy — the art and science of transformation — emerged independently or semi-independently in at least three civilizations: Egyptian-Greek-Arabic-European (the Western tradition), Chinese (waidan/neidan), and Indian (
ZE_2_13 — Ethics of Secrecy — Mystery Schools vs. Democratic Knowledge
The ethics of secrecy examines the tension between esoteric traditions — which hold that certain knowledge must be restricted to prepared initiates — and democratic ideals that treat open access to information as a funda
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