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1,867 results for "Cyrus the Great" — page 38 of 94

W_4_12 Credible World Civilizations

W_4_12 — Tiwanaku: Altiplano Civilization and Raised-Field Agriculture

Tiwanaku (also spelled Tiahuanaco) was a major pre-Columbian civilization centered at the site of the same name on the Bolivian Altiplano (high plateau), approximately 3,850 meters above sea level and 20 km southeast of

Tiwanaku Tiahuanaco Altiplano Lake Titicaca raised fields suka kollus
W_4_06 World Civilizations

W_4_06 — Dreamtime Songlines and Aboriginal Navigation

Songlines (also called dreaming tracks or song paths) are one of humanity's most extraordinary intellectual achievements — a vast network of songs that simultaneously encode mythological narrative, geographic navigation

songlines dreaming tracks Aboriginal Australian navigation oral map tjukurpa
W_4_03 World Civilizations

W_4_03 — Andean Civilizations — Chavín, Nazca, Tiwanaku, Caral

The Andean region produced one of the world's great independent civilizations — arguably the most underappreciated. From Caral (~3000 BCE, contemporary with Egyptian pyramids and Sumerian Ur) to the Inca (conquered by Sp

Andean civilization Chavín de Huántar Chavín Lanzón jaguar deity Nazca Lines
W_4_15 Credible World Civilizations

W_4_15 — Ancestral Puebloan: Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde, and Cliff Dwellings

The Ancestral Puebloan peoples (formerly "Anasazi" — a Navajo term meaning "ancient ones" or "ancient enemies," now considered disrespectful by many Puebloan descendants) developed one of the most architecturally and ast

Ancestral Puebloan Anasazi Chaco Canyon Mesa Verde cliff dwellings kiva
W_4_17 Verified World Civilizations

W_4_17 — Mississippian Culture and Mound-Builder Networks

The Mississippian culture (c. 800–1600 CE) was the most complex pre-Columbian society in North America east of the Mississippi River, characterized by flat-topped platform mounds, intensive maize agriculture, hierarchica

Mississippian Cahokia mound-builder chiefdom Southeastern-Ceremonial-Complex maize-agriculture
W_1_10 World Civilizations

W_1_10 — Greek Religion as Lived Practice

Greek religion as actually practiced bore little resemblance to the sanitized "mythology" familiar from modern retellings. It was not a coherent theological system but a complex ecology of ritual obligations embedded in

polis religion Eleusinian Mysteries Orphic rites Delphic Oracle Pythia mystery cults
W_1_04 World Civilizations

W_1_04 — Persian Civilization — Achaemenid Empire, Magi, and Cosmic Kingship

The Persian Empire (550–330 BCE under the Achaemenids, revived 224–651 CE under the Sassanids) created the largest empire the ancient world had seen — stretching from Libya to India, governing ~44% of the world's populat

Persian Empire Achaemenid Magi Persepolis Cyrus Cylinder Darius
W_1_27 Verified World Civilizations

W_1_27 — Minoan Civilization & Thalassocracy

The Minoan civilization — Europe's first advanced literate society — flourished on Crete and surrounding Aegean islands from approximately 2700–1450 BCE, predating Mycenaean Greece and exercising maritime dominance (thal

Minoan Crete Knossos Thera Santorini eruption Linear A
W_1_01 World Civilizations

W_1_01 — Olmec Civilization and Serpent-Jaguar Symbolism

The Olmec civilization (~1500–400 BCE), centered in the tropical lowlands of Mexico's Gulf Coast (modern Veracruz and Tabasco), is widely considered the "mother culture" of Mesoamerica — the civilization from which later

Olmec La Venta San Lorenzo Tres Zapotes colossal heads were-jaguar
W_1_11 World Civilizations

W_1_11 — Roman Religion, Augury, and Imperial Cult

Roman religion was not a personal faith system but a civic technology — a complex apparatus of ritual obligations, priestly colleges, and divinatory techniques designed to maintain the pax deorum ("peace of the gods") up

Roman religion augury auspices haruspicy pontifex maximus Vestal Virgins
W_3_16 Verified World Civilizations

W_3_16 — Aksumite Empire

The Aksumite Empire (c. 100–940 CE) was a major trading civilization centered in the northern Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands, with its capital at Aksum. It was one of the four great powers of the ancient world accordin

aksum aksumite ethiopia eritrea obelisk stelae
W_3_06 World Civilizations

W_3_06 — Coptic and Ethiopian Christian Mystical Traditions

The Coptic and Ethiopian Christian traditions represent the oldest continuously operating Christian institutions in Africa, preserving theological, liturgical, and textual materials that have been lost or marginalized in

Ethiopian Tewahedo Coptic Christianity Lalibela Kebra Nagast Ark of the Covenant Enochic tradition
W_3_01 World Civilizations

W_3_01 — Bantu Cosmology, Migration, and Iron Traditions

The Bantu expansion (~3000 BCE–500 CE) is one of the largest and most consequential human migrations in history: speakers of proto-Bantu languages from the Nigeria-Cameroon borderland spread across most of sub-Saharan Af

Bantu Bantu expansion Bantu migration Niger-Congo proto-Bantu iron smelting
W_3_22 Verified World Civilizations

W_3_22 — Mapungubwe Kingdom

Mapungubwe (c. 1075–1290 CE) was the first complex state society in southern Africa, located at the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe rivers in present-day South Africa. The site demonstrated the earliest evidence of

Mapungubwe Limpopo Valley southern African kingdoms gold trade social stratification K2 settlement
W_3_04 World Civilizations

W_3_04 — Swahili Coast — Maritime Trade, City-States, and Cultural Exchange

The Swahili Coast — stretching over 2,000 miles from Mogadishu to Mozambique — was home to a network of prosperous maritime city-states that flourished from the 8th through 16th centuries CE, serving as the western ancho

Swahili Kilwa Zanzibar Mombasa Lamu Indian Ocean trade
W_3_24 Verified World Civilizations

W_3_24 — Nok Culture

The Nok culture (c. 1500 BCE – 500 CE) of central Nigeria produced sub-Saharan Africa's earliest-known large-scale terracotta sculpture tradition and some of the continent's earliest evidence for iron smelting. First ide

Nok culture terracotta West African Iron Age Nigeria Jos Plateau iron smelting
W_2_14 Credible World Civilizations

W_2_14 — Song Dynasty: Chinese Technological Renaissance

The Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) — divided into the Northern Song (960–1127, capital Kaifeng) and the Southern Song (1127–1279, capital Hangzhou/Lin'an after the loss of northern China to the Jurchen Jin dynasty) — represe

Song Dynasty Northern Song Southern Song Kaifeng Hangzhou gunpowder
W_2_26 Verified World Civilizations

W_2_26 — Mauryan and Ashokan Empire

The Mauryan Empire (c. 322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify nearly the entire Indian subcontinent under a single political authority, stretching at its zenith from Afghanistan and Baluchistan in the west to Bengal

Maurya Ashoka Chandragupta Arthashastra Kautilya Pataliputra
W_2_02 World Civilizations

W_2_02 — Angkor Wat, Khmer Cosmology, and Hindu-Buddhist Temple Mountains

Angkor Wat is the largest religious monument ever built — a 162.6-hectare temple complex in northwestern Cambodia, constructed under King Suryavarman II (r. ~1113-1150 CE) as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu. It repres

Angkor Wat Angkor Thom Khmer Empire Cambodia Suryavarman II Jayavarman VII
W_2_01 World Civilizations

W_2_01 — Jōmon People and Pre-Yamato Japan

This document examines Jōmon People and Pre-Yamato Japan, a topic within the Global Traditions research area. Key areas of investigation include Chronological Framework, The Oldest Pottery in the World, Population and Se

Jōmon pottery cord-marked Ōdai Yamamoto dogū shakōki-dogū