RESEARCH BASE
Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence
3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.
990 results for "rat learning" — page 37 of 50
P_4_02 — Perennial Philosophy and Universal Wisdom
The Perennial Philosophy — philosophia perennis — is the thesis that beneath the surface diversity of the world's religious and spiritual traditions lies a SINGLE, universal truth about the nature of reality and human ex
P_1_09 — Philosophy of Time
The philosophy of time addresses some of the deepest questions in metaphysics: Is time real or an illusion? Does the present moment have a special ontological status, or are past, present, and future equally real? Does t
P_1_17 — Artificial Intelligence and the Consciousness Question
The question of whether artificial systems can possess consciousness — genuine subjective experience, phenomenal awareness, or "something it is like" to be that system (Thomas Nagel, 1974) — has moved from philosophical
P_1_20 — Epistemology & Theory of Knowledge
Epistemology — the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature, sources, structure, and limits of knowledge — is one of the oldest and most persistent areas of philosophical inquiry. The central question "What can we
P_1_06 — Personal Identity and Continuity
Personal identity — the question of what makes you you over time, and under what conditions you would cease to exist — is one of philosophy's most ancient and practically urgent problems. The core puzzle is persistence:
P_1_01 — The Hard Problem of Consciousness
The Hard Problem of Consciousness, defined by philosopher David Chalmers in 1995, asks: Why does physical processing in the brain give rise to subjective experience? We can explain HOW neurons fire (the "easy problems")
P_5_01 — Is Mathematics Discovered or Invented?
One of the oldest and most consequential questions in philosophy: Does mathematics exist independently of human minds (Platonism), or is it a human invention — a language we construct to describe patterns (formalism/cons
P_5_08 — Philosophy of History
Philosophy of history asks whether history has a pattern, direction, or meaning — and how historical knowledge itself is possible. Two broad orientations have competed since antiquity: cyclical views (civilizations rise
P_5_15 — Simone de Beauvoir: Ethics of Ambiguity and the Second Sex
Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986) was one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century — a foundational figure in both existentialist philosophy and feminist theory whose work has shaped debates on freedom, o
P_5_02 — Computational Phylogenetics of Mythology
This document examines Computational Phylogenetics of Mythology, a topic within the Philosophy Meaning research area. Key areas of investigation include The Traditional Approach: Comparative Mythology, The Biological Ana
P_5_12 — Postmodernism: Derrida, Foucault, Lyotard, and Deconstruction
Postmodernism — a loose, contested, and internally diverse intellectual movement that emerged from French philosophy and literary theory in the 1960s-1980s — is characterized by a thoroughgoing skepticism toward universa
P_2_09 — Cosmopolitanism and Global Ethics
Cosmopolitanism — from the Greek kosmopolitēs ("citizen of the world") — is the philosophical tradition asserting that all human beings belong to a single moral community regardless of nationality, ethnicity, or culture.
P_2_06 — Political Philosophy: Justice, Power, and Authority
Political philosophy examines the nature of justice, power, authority, and the proper organization of collective human life. Plato (Republic, c. 375 BCE) argued that justice consists in each part of the soul and the city
P_2_14 — Philosophy of Action: Agency, Intention, and Collective Action
The philosophy of action investigates the nature of human agency — what it means to act (as opposed to merely moving), what makes an action intentional, how reasons relate to causes, and how individual agency extends to
ZE_5_04 — Hindu Ethics: Dharma, Karma, Ahimsa, and Varnashrama
Hindu ethics — rooted in the vast textual traditions of the Vedas, Upanishads, Dharmasutras, Epics (Mahabharata, Ramayana), and Puranas — constitutes one of the world's most ancient and internally diverse ethical systems
ZE_5_20 — Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
The ethics of artificial intelligence addresses the moral, social, and existential challenges arising from the development and deployment of increasingly powerful AI systems. [KEY FINDING] Core issues span three horizons
ZE_5_18 — Research Ethics & Global Standards
Research ethics — the principles, regulations, and institutional structures governing the conduct of research involving human subjects, animals, and sensitive data — emerged as a formal discipline from the horrors of Naz
ZE_4_04 — Ethics of Free Speech and Censorship
Free speech and its limits constitute one of the most contentious areas of applied ethics and political philosophy, touching on fundamental questions about the relationship between individual liberty, social harm, and st
ZE_4_15 — Ethics of Nuclear Weapons: Deterrence, MAD, and Abolition
The ethics of nuclear weapons constitutes one of the most consequential moral questions of the modern era: Can the threat to annihilate millions of civilians ever be morally justified? Since the atomic bombings of Hirosh
ZE_4_14 — Ethics of Forgiveness: Justice, Mercy, and Transitional Reconciliation
Forgiveness — the decision to release resentment and the desire for retribution toward a wrongdoer — stands at the complex intersection of ethics, psychology, theology, and political theory. Philosophical analysis of for
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