RESEARCH BASE

Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence

3,721 Documents 34 Sections 43,625 Citations 34,852 Keywords Indexed 4 Evidence Tiers

3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.

1,360 results for "philosophy of mind" — page 3 of 68

G_4_04 Verified Modern Frameworks

G_4_04 — Cognitive Science of Religion and the Anthropology of Belief

The Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) is an interdisciplinary field that explains religious belief and practice as natural products of evolved cognitive mechanisms rather than supernatural revelation or cultural invent

cognitive science of religion CSR HADD agency detection minimally counterintuitive Boyer
G_3_21 Verified Modern Frameworks

G_3_21 — Critical Realism: Roy Bhaskar and Stratified Ontology

Critical realism is a philosophical movement founded by Roy Bhaskar (1944–2014) that proposes a stratified ontology — reality consists of three nested domains (the Real, the Actual, and the Empirical) — and argues that s

critical realism Bhaskar stratified ontology emergence transcendental realism epistemic fallacy
G_2_15 Credible Modern Frameworks

G_2_15 — Cognitive Archaeology — Mind in the Archaeological Record

Cognitive archaeology investigates the cognitive abilities, mental processes, and symbolic capacities of past peoples through the material record they left behind — seeking to understand not just what ancient people did,

cognitive archaeology mind cognition symbolism theory of mind working memory
T_3_12 Credible Psychology & Social

T_3_12 — Altered States of Consciousness: Trance, Meditation, and Sensory Deprivation

Altered states of consciousness (ASCs) — states that differ qualitatively from ordinary waking awareness in terms of perception, cognition, self-awareness, affect, and volition — have been systematically studied since th

altered state of consciousness ASC trance meditation sensory deprivation float tank
T_5_10 Credible Psychology & Social

T_5_10 — The Psychology of Money: Behavioral Economics, Financial Decision-Making, and Wealth Psychology

The psychology of money explores how cognitive biases, emotional responses, social pressures, and personality traits systematically distort financial decision-making — departing dramatically from the "rational economic a

psychology of money behavioral economics Kahneman Tversky prospect theory loss aversion
T_5_25 Verified Psychology & Social

T_5_25 — Cognitive Evolution: The Development of Human Mental Capacities

Cognitive evolution — the study of how human mental capacities emerged and developed over evolutionary time — addresses one of the deepest questions in science: how did a lineage of African primates develop language, sym

cognitive evolution brain evolution encephalization theory of mind language evolution symbolic thought
P_3_02 Verified Philosophy & Meaning

P_3_02 — Pre-Socratic Philosophy — The Birth of Western Thought

The Pre-Socratic philosophers (c. 624–370 BCE) inaugurated Western philosophy by replacing mythological explanations of the natural world with rational inquiry into a single unifying principle (archê). From Thales' ident

Pre-Socratics Thales Anaximander apeiron Heraclitus logos
P_4_11 Verified Philosophy & Meaning

P_4_11 — Indian Darshanas — Six Orthodox Systems of Hindu Philosophy

The Indian philosophical tradition produced six orthodox (āstika) systems (darśanas, literally "viewpoints") that accept the authority of the Vedas: Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. Alongside thre

darshana Samkhya purusha prakriti Yoga Patanjali
P_5_04 Verified Philosophy & Meaning

P_5_04 — Process Philosophy — Whitehead and the Metaphysics of Becoming

Process philosophy, most fully developed in Alfred North Whitehead's Process and Reality (1929), proposes that reality is fundamentally constituted not by enduring substances but by dynamic events — "actual occasions of

process philosophy Alfred North Whitehead Process and Reality actual occasions prehension eternal objects
P_5_17 Credible Philosophy & Meaning

P_5_17 — Process Philosophy: Whitehead, Becoming, and the Metaphysics of Experience

Process philosophy — the metaphysical tradition holding that reality is fundamentally composed of processes, events, and becomings rather than static substances, objects, or things — represents one of the most ambitious

process philosophy Alfred North Whitehead actual occasions process theology becoming panexperientialism
P_2_17 Verified Philosophy & Meaning

P_2_17 — Philosophy of Law: Jurisprudence and Legal Theory

Jurisprudence — the philosophical study of law's nature, authority, and relationship to morality — addresses foundational questions: What makes a rule a "law"? Is law necessarily connected to morality? How should judges

jurisprudence legal-positivism natural-law hartian dworkinian critical-legal-studies
ZE_1_03 Verified Ethics & Applied Philosophy

ZE_1_03 — Feminist Philosophy and Ethics of Care

Feminist philosophy is not a single doctrine but a constellation of projects united by the conviction that mainstream Western philosophy has been shaped by patriarchal assumptions — that dominant categories, frameworks,

feminist ethics-applied ethics of care Carol Gilligan Nel Noddings Virginia Held Simone de Beauvoir
ZE_2_09 Verified Ethics & Applied Philosophy

ZE_2_09 — Philosophy of Sovereignty

Sovereignty — the concept of supreme authority within a territory — has undergone radical transformation from its theological origins to contemporary debates about humanitarian intervention, indigenous self-determination

sovereignty divine right social contract popular sovereignty Hobbes Locke
X_2_01 Verified Medicine & Healing

X_2_01 — Psychosomatic Medicine and Placebo Science

The placebo effect — measurable physiological change resulting from the belief or expectation of treatment rather than the treatment's pharmacological action — is among the most replicated and least understood phenomena

psychosomatic medicine placebo effect nocebo psychoneuroimmunology mind-body medicine stress response
W_5_35 Credible World Civilizations

W_5_35 — I Ching: The Book of Changes, Divination, and Binary Philosophy

The I Ching (Yìjīng, 易經, "Classic of Changes") is among the oldest continuously used texts in human history, with roots extending to the Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1000–750 BCE) and legendary attribution to Fu Xi (trigrams

i ching yijing book of changes hexagrams divination binary system
K_3_11 Verified Consciousness

K_3_11 — Animal Consciousness and Sentience

The question of whether non-human animals possess conscious experience — subjective awareness, felt pain, emotions, and self-recognition — has moved from philosophical speculation to a major neuroscientific research prog

animal consciousness sentience Cambridge Declaration mirror test Gallup pain perception
K_4_12 Credible Consciousness

K_4_12 — Noosphere — Teilhard de Chardin, Vernadsky, and the Thinking Layer

The noosphere ("sphere of mind") is a concept developed independently by Russian geochemist Vladimir Vernadsky and French paleontologist-priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in the 1920s, describing a layer of collective hu

noosphere Teilhard de Chardin Vernadsky Omega Point Édouard Le Roy collective consciousness
K_5_14 Credible Consciousness

K_5_14 — Buddhist Abhidharma and the Analysis of Consciousness

The Abhidharma (Sanskrit: "higher teaching," Pali: Abhidhamma) represents Buddhism's systematic attempt to analyze consciousness into its fundamental components — one of the most detailed pre-modern phenomenological fram

abhidharma buddhist-consciousness vijñana citta cetasika yogacara
G_3_28 Verified Modern Frameworks

G_3_28 — Phlogiston Theory: Productive Fiction and the Birth of Chemistry

Phlogiston theory — developed by German chemist and physician Georg Ernst Stahl in the early 18th century — held that all combustible materials contain a fire-principle called phlogiston (from the Greek phlogistós, "burn

phlogiston Georg Stahl Lavoisier oxygen combustion calx
P_3_10 Verified Philosophy & Meaning

P_3_10 — Skepticism and Pyrrhonism

Skepticism — the philosophical position that knowledge is uncertain, limited, or impossible — is one of the oldest and most persistent currents in philosophy. Ancient Pyrrhonian skepticism (Pyrrho, ~360–270 BCE; Sextus E

skepticism Pyrrhonism Pyrrho Sextus Empiricus Academic skepticism Arcesilaus