RESEARCH BASE

Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence

3,721 Documents 34 Sections 43,625 Citations 34,852 Keywords Indexed 4 Evidence Tiers

3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.

1,361 results for "center of origin" — page 28 of 69

Z_3_10 Credible Molecular Biology

Z_3_10 — Genetics of Athletic Performance

Athletic performance is a highly polygenic trait with substantial heritability — twin studies estimate heritability of VO2max (maximal oxygen uptake) at ~50% (Bouchard et al., 1999, HERITAGE Family Study), muscle fiber c

sports genetics ACTN3 alpha-actinin-3 ACE angiotensin converting enzyme VO2max heritability
Z_3_01 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_3_01 — Genetics of Brain Development — ASPM, Microcephalin, HAR1

The human brain is approximately three times larger than expected for a primate of our body size, with a vastly expanded cerebral cortex containing ~86 billion neurons. Identifying the genetic basis for this extraordinar

ASPM microcephalin MCPH1 HAR1 human accelerated regions brain evolution
Z_2_10 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_2_10 — Genetics of Aging and Progeria

Aging — the progressive decline in physiological function leading to increased vulnerability to disease and death — has a substantial genetic component: twin studies estimate heritability of human lifespan at ~25–30% (He

aging genetics progeria Hutchinson-Gilford progeria HGPS LMNA lamin A
Z_2_12 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_2_12 — Genetics of Pain Perception

Pain perception — the subjective experience triggered by actual or potential tissue damage — varies enormously across individuals, with genetic factors accounting for 25–50% of the variance in pain sensitivity (twin stud

pain genetics nociception SCN9A Nav1.7 congenital insensitivity to pain TRPV1
Z_2_04 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_2_04 — Genetic Disorders and Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Genetic disorders — diseases caused by mutations in single genes (monogenic) or chromosomal abnormalities — affect ~3–5% of live births and collectively represent thousands of distinct conditions catalogued in the Online

genetic disorder inborn error metabolism Mendelian disease sickle cell cystic fibrosis
Z_2_11 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_2_11 — Genetics of Immunity and MHC Diversity

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) — known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in humans — is the most polymorphic gene region in the human genome, encoding cell-surface glycoproteins essential for adapti

major histocompatibility complex MHC HLA human leukocyte antigen adaptive immunity antigen presentation
Z_2_02 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_2_02 — Telomere Biology & Genetics of Aging

Telomeres — repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG)ₙ capping the ends of linear chromosomes — serve as protective buffers against chromosome degradation, end-to-end fusion, and the progressive DNA loss inherent in the end-repl

telomere telomerase aging senescence Hayflick limit Elizabeth Blackburn
Z_2_07 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_2_07 — Genetics of Disease Resistance

Infectious disease has been the most powerful selective force shaping the human genome, leaving signatures across thousands of loci. The best-understood example is sickle cell disease (HbS, Glu6Val in HBB): heterozygous

disease resistance natural selection pathogen-driven selection sickle cell malaria resistance HbS
Z_1_02 Verified Molecular Biology

Z_1_02 — Human Chromosome 2 Fusion — Evidence of Primate Ancestry

Humans possess 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), while all other great apes — chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans — possess 48 chromosomes (24 pairs). This discrepancy was explained in the 1980s–1990s when molecular cytogenet

chromosome 2 chromosome fusion telomere-telomere ancestral chromosomes primate karyotype great ape
K_3_02 Credible Consciousness

K_3_02 — Embodied Cognition

Embodied cognition is a broad research program challenging the classical cognitive science view that the mind is essentially a computer processing abstract symbols in the brain. Instead, embodied cognition holds that thi

embodied cognition 4E cognition embedded enacted extended embodied
K_3_16 Verified Consciousness

K_3_16 — Anesthesia and Consciousness: What Going Under Reveals

General anesthesia provides a unique experimental window into consciousness: the ability to reversibly abolish and restore awareness in a controlled clinical setting. Despite over 175 years of practice since William T.G.

anesthesia-consciousness general-anesthesia propofol ketamine sevoflurane awareness-under-anesthesia
K_3_08 Credible Consciousness

K_3_08 — Intention, Volition, and Motor Consciousness

The neural basis of voluntary action and the timing of conscious intention relative to brain activity has become one of the most productive — and philosophically consequential — research programs in consciousness studies

free will neuroscience volition Bereitschaftspotential readiness potential Libet experiment Benjamin Libet
K_3_11 Verified Consciousness

K_3_11 — Animal Consciousness and Sentience

The question of whether non-human animals possess conscious experience — subjective awareness, felt pain, emotions, and self-recognition — has moved from philosophical speculation to a major neuroscientific research prog

animal consciousness sentience Cambridge Declaration mirror test Gallup pain perception
K_3_04 Credible Consciousness

K_3_04 — Anesthesia and Consciousness

General anesthesia — the reversible, drug-induced abolition of consciousness — is one of medicine's greatest achievements and, paradoxically, one of its least understood. Approximately 350 million surgical procedures per

anesthesia general anesthesia consciousness propofol sevoflurane ketamine
K_3_03 Credible Consciousness

K_3_03 — Memory and Consciousness

Memory and consciousness are deeply intertwined — memory provides the continuity of experience that creates a sense of self persisting through time, while consciousness provides the subjective context within which memori

memory consciousness working memory episodic memory autobiographical memory amnesia
K_1_09 Credible Consciousness

K_1_09 — Philosophical Zombies and the Hard Problem

The philosophical zombie (p-zombie) thought experiment, formalized by David Chalmers (1996), asks: Could there exist a being physically and functionally identical to a conscious human — identical atom for atom, processin

philosophical zombie p-zombie hard problem of consciousness David Chalmers explanatory gap qualia
K_4_18 Verified Consciousness

K_4_18 — Near-Death Experiences: Evidence, Neuroscience, and the Consciousness Debate

Near-death experiences (NDEs) are complex subjective experiences reported by approximately 10–20% of cardiac arrest survivors, characterized by feelings of peace, tunnel vision, life review, encounters with deceased pers

near-death experience NDE cardiac arrest consciousness out-of-body AWARE study
K_4_04 Speculative Consciousness

K_4_04 — Morphic Resonance and Sheldrake's Hypothesis

Morphic resonance is a hypothesis proposed by biologist Rupert Sheldrake (b. 1942, Cambridge-trained plant physiologist) that proposes nature operates by habits, not fixed laws, and that organisms and systems are influen

morphic resonance Rupert Sheldrake morphogenetic field formative causation habits of nature collective memory
K_4_12 Credible Consciousness

K_4_12 — Noosphere — Teilhard de Chardin, Vernadsky, and the Thinking Layer

The noosphere ("sphere of mind") is a concept developed independently by Russian geochemist Vladimir Vernadsky and French paleontologist-priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in the 1920s, describing a layer of collective hu

noosphere Teilhard de Chardin Vernadsky Omega Point Édouard Le Roy collective consciousness
K_4_15 Credible Consciousness

K_4_15 — Shared Death Experiences

Shared death experiences (SDEs) are reported phenomena in which a person who is physically healthy — typically a family member, caregiver, or bystander present at a death — describes experiencing some or all of the featu

shared death experience SDE near-death experience NDE deathbed vision empathic death