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731 results for "ancient cosmology" — page 23 of 37
A_2_10 — Gospel of Thomas: Sayings Gospel and Hidden Wisdom
The Gospel of Thomas is a collection of 114 sayings (logia) attributed to "the living Jesus," preserved in a complete Coptic translation within the Nag Hammadi library (Codex II, discovered 1945 in Upper Egypt) and in fr
A_2_03 — Book of Enoch & the Watchers
The Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) is one of the most detailed ancient texts describing interactions between non-human beings ("Watchers") and humanity. Excluded from most biblical canons by the 4th century CE, it was preserved
A_2_20 — Odes of Solomon: Early Christian Mystical Hymns
The Odes of Solomon are a collection of 42 hymns dating to the late 1st or early 2nd century CE, composed originally in Syriac (or possibly Greek), making them the earliest surviving Christian hymnal. Rediscovered in 190
A_4_26 — Aztec Codices: Borgia Group and Mesoamerican Ritual Manuscripts
The Aztec codices — particularly the Borgia Group — are a set of pre-Columbian and early colonial-period painted manuscripts from central Mexico, produced on deerskin or bark paper (amatl) in screenfold format. The Borgi
A_4_19 — Maya Codices: Dresden, Madrid, and Paris Manuscripts
The Maya codices are the only surviving pre-Columbian books from the Maya civilization — folding-screen manuscripts made of bark paper (huun) covered in lime plaster and painted with hieroglyphic texts and illustrations
A_4_12 — Pali Canon (Tipitaka) — Earliest Buddhist Scriptures
The Pali Canon (Tipiṭaka, "Three Baskets") is the oldest complete collection of Buddhist scriptures, preserved in the Pali language by the Theravada tradition of Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Transmitted orally for appro
A_4_15 — Guru Granth Sahib as Primary Sacred Text
The Guru Granth Sahib (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ) is the central sacred scripture and living spiritual authority ("eternal Guru") of Sikhism, compiled by the fifth Guru, Arjan Dev, in 1604 CE (the Adi Granth) and finalized by the
A_4_13 — Ramayana — India's Epic of Dharma, Exile, and Return
The Ramayana (रामायण, "Rama's Journey") is one of the two great Sanskrit epics of India, attributed to the poet Valmiki and composed in its earliest form during the 5th–4th century BCE, with later expansions through the
A_4_39 — Egyptian Book of the Dead: Funerary Texts, Afterlife Geography, and Judgment of the Soul
The "Book of the Dead" (Pert em Heru, "Coming/Going Forth by Day") is a corpus of ancient Egyptian funerary texts — spells, hymns, incantations, and illustrated vignettes — designed to guide the deceased through the Duat
A_4_25 — Jain Agamas: Canonical Scriptures of Non-Violence and Asceticism
The Jain Agamas (Āgama, "tradition/scripture") are the canonical scriptures of Jainism, one of the world's oldest continuously practiced religions. The teachings are attributed to Mahāvīra (Vardhamāna, c. 599–527 BCE or
A_4_21 — Atharvaveda: Healing Hymns, Charms, and Ritualistic Knowledge
The Atharvaveda (Atharvaveda-Saṃhitā, "Knowledge of the Atharvans") is the fourth Veda of Hinduism, composed approximately between 1200 and 1000 BCE — roughly contemporaneous with the late Rig Vedic and early post-Rig Ve
A_4_08 — Bhagavata Purana — Naga and Avatar Sections
The Bhagavata Purana (also called Srimad Bhagavatam) is one of the eighteen Mahapuranas ("Great Ancient Histories") of Hindu literature, composed in Sanskrit between approximately the 6th and 10th centuries CE. Its twelv
A_4_24 — Dhammapada: Verses of the Buddhist Path
The Dhammapada ("Verses of the Dharma/Teaching" or "Path of Dharma") is the most widely read and translated text of Theravada Buddhism — a collection of 423 verses in 26 chapters (vagga), presenting the core ethical and
A_4_20 — Mandaean Ginza Rabba: Living Gnostic Scripture
The Ginza Rabba (Ginzā Rbā, "Great Treasure"), also known as the Book of Adam, is the principal holy scripture of the Mandaeans — the world's only surviving Gnostic religion, practiced today by approximately 60,000–100,0
A_4_23 — Bundahishn: Zoroastrian Creation and Cosmic Battle
The Bundahishn (Bundahišn, "Primal Creation") is the most important Zoroastrian cosmogonical text, composed in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) during the 9th century CE but preserving traditions that are centuries or millennia
A_4_11 — Upanishads — Core Vedantic Philosophy
The Upanishads (उपनिषद्, "sitting near" a teacher) are the concluding philosophical sections of the Vedas and the foundational texts of Vedantic philosophy. Composed between approximately 800–200 BCE, the principal (mukh
A_4_03 — Popol Vuh: The Maya Book of Creation
The Popol Vuh ("Book of the Community" or "Book of Counsel") is the most important surviving mythological and historical text of the ancient Americas. A K'iche' Maya creation narrative, it was written down in the Latin a
A_4_17 — Aboriginal Australian Dreaming Narratives
The Dreaming (known by various language-specific names — Jukurrpa in Warlpiri, Tjukurpa in Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara, Wongar in Yolngu) is the central cosmological, legal, and ontological framework of Aboriginal Aus
A_4_07 — Tao Te Ching and Daoist Primary Texts
The Tao Te Ching (道德經, Daodejing) — attributed to Lao Tzu (Laozi, ~6th–4th century BCE) — is the foundational text of Daoist philosophy and one of the most translated works in human history. Its 81 brief chapters articul
A_4_18 — Confucian Analects: Foundations of East Asian Thought
The Analects (Lúnyǔ 論語, "Collected Sayings") is the foundational text of Confucianism, comprising 20 books of aphorisms, dialogues, and biographical fragments attributed to Confucius (Kǒngzǐ 孔子, 551–479 BCE) and compiled
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