RESEARCH BASE
Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence
3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.
728 results for "graph theory" — page 15 of 37
K_3_11 — Animal Consciousness and Sentience
The question of whether non-human animals possess conscious experience — subjective awareness, felt pain, emotions, and self-recognition — has moved from philosophical speculation to a major neuroscientific research prog
K_3_07 — Evolution of Consciousness
The question of when, how, and why consciousness evolved is one of the deepest unsolved problems at the intersection of biology, neuroscience, and philosophy. Two major recent proposals have attempted to identify the evo
K_3_03 — Memory and Consciousness
Memory and consciousness are deeply intertwined — memory provides the continuity of experience that creates a sense of self persisting through time, while consciousness provides the subjective context within which memori
K_1_04 — Brain as Filter vs Generator
Two opposing models have dominated the consciousness debate for over a century:
K_1_10 — Panpsychism — Comprehensive Survey
Panpsychism — the view that consciousness or experiential properties are fundamental and ubiquitous features of the physical world — has experienced a dramatic revival in analytic philosophy since the early 2000s, driven
K_1_08 — Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness
Higher-order (HO) theories of consciousness propose that a mental state becomes conscious not by virtue of its intrinsic properties but because it is the target of a higher-order mental representation — a thought, percep
K_1_12 — Orchestrated Objective Reduction: Penrose-Hameroff Theory Deep Dive
Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch-OR) is a theory of consciousness proposed by mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose (b. 1931, Nobel Prize in Physics 2020) and anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff (b. 1947), first ar
K_4_13 — Mirror Neurons and Social Cognition
Mirror neurons are a class of neurons, first discovered in the early 1990s in the premotor cortex (area F5) of macaque monkeys by Giacomo Rizzolatti, Vittorio Gallese, and colleagues at the University of Parma, that fire
K_4_07 — Biofield Science — Electromagnetic and Subtle Energy Research
Biofield science investigates the electromagnetic, acoustic, and hypothesized "subtle energy" fields associated with living organisms, spanning a spectrum from rigorous biophysics to highly contested alternative medicine
K_4_02 — Stigmata, Faith Healing, and Psychosomatic Phenomena
The human body can do things under the influence of belief that should not be physically possible according to conventional medical models. The placebo effect — a "sugar pill" producing measurable physiological changes —
K_2_07 — Electromagnetic Theories of Consciousness
Electromagnetic (EM) field theories of consciousness propose that conscious experience arises from or is identical to the brain's endogenous electromagnetic field — the complex, time-varying EM field generated by the syn
K_2_08 — The Binding Problem in Consciousness
The binding problem asks how the brain creates unified, coherent conscious experiences from the distributed, specialized processing activity of millions of neurons across separate brain regions. When you see a red ball r
K_5_10 — Theories of Self: No-Self, Minimal Self, Narrative Self
The self — the sense of being a unified, continuous subject of experience — is one of the most fundamental yet puzzling features of consciousness. Who or what is the "I" that sees, thinks, remembers, and acts? Theories o
K_5_02 — Pain, Consciousness, and the Nature of Suffering
Pain is one of the most philosophically revealing phenomena in consciousness studies: it is simultaneously a sensory detection system, an emotional experience, a cognitive evaluation, and a social communication — and the
K_5_04 — Neuroscience of Belief
Belief — the mental state of holding something to be true — is a cornerstone of conscious experience, shaping perception, memory, emotion, decision-making, and behavior. The neuroscience of belief has revealed that belie
K_5_07 — Psychophysics: Measuring the Relationship Between Mind and World
Psychophysics — literally "the physics of the soul/mind" — is the scientific study of the quantitative relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. Founded by Gustav Theodor Fech
K_5_11 — Synaesthesia and Consciousness: Cross-Modal Binding
Synaesthesia (British spelling; "synesthesia" in American English) is a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway automatically triggers an involuntary experience in a second, unstim
E_4_25 — Bayesian Age Modeling: Statistical Frameworks for Archaeological Chronology
Bayesian age modeling — the application of Bayesian statistical inference to combine radiocarbon dates with prior archaeological knowledge (stratigraphy, typology, historical constraints) to produce refined chronological
E_5_08 — Justinianic Plague & Late Antique Pandemics
The Justinianic Plague (541–750 CE) was the first historically documented pandemic of bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis, striking the Byzantine Empire at the height of Emperor Justinian I's reconquest campaigns. A
E_5_10 — Justinianic Plague: The First Pandemic and the Fall of the Ancient World
The Justinianic Plague (541–750 CE) — the first historically documented pandemic of bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis — struck the Byzantine Empire at the height of Emperor Justinian I's attempted reconquest of th
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