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410 results for "prospect theory" — page 14 of 21
P_3_06 — Plato — Forms, Cosmology, and the Philosophical Tradition
Plato (428/427–348/347 BCE) is the foundational figure of Western philosophy, whose dialogues established the frameworks for metaphysics (Theory of Forms), epistemology (knowledge as recollection), political philosophy (
P_4_01 — Death and the Afterlife Across Cultures
Every known human culture has developed beliefs about what happens after death — making afterlife cosmology one of the most universal features of human thought. The major frameworks include: judgment and reward/punishmen
P_4_09 — Non-Dualism — Advaita Vedanta, Taoism, and the Unity of Opposites
Non-dualism — the philosophical position that ultimate reality is not divided into fundamentally opposed categories (subject/object, mind/matter, self/other, good/evil) — appears independently across the world's deepest
P_1_17 — Artificial Intelligence and the Consciousness Question
The question of whether artificial systems can possess consciousness — genuine subjective experience, phenomenal awareness, or "something it is like" to be that system (Thomas Nagel, 1974) — has moved from philosophical
P_1_10 — Philosophy of Technology
Philosophy of technology examines the nature, meaning, and ethical implications of technology — not merely as a collection of tools but as a fundamental mode of human existence that shapes perception, values, social rela
P_1_06 — Personal Identity and Continuity
Personal identity — the question of what makes you you over time, and under what conditions you would cease to exist — is one of philosophy's most ancient and practically urgent problems. The core puzzle is persistence:
P_1_01 — The Hard Problem of Consciousness
The Hard Problem of Consciousness, defined by philosopher David Chalmers in 1995, asks: Why does physical processing in the brain give rise to subjective experience? We can explain HOW neurons fire (the "easy problems")
P_1_08 — Philosophy of Mind and the Body Problem
The mind-body problem — how do mental states (thoughts, feelings, consciousness) relate to physical states (neurons, brains, bodies)? — is one of the oldest and most intractable problems in philosophy. Descartes (1641) f
P_5_01 — Is Mathematics Discovered or Invented?
One of the oldest and most consequential questions in philosophy: Does mathematics exist independently of human minds (Platonism), or is it a human invention — a language we construct to describe patterns (formalism/cons
P_5_09 — Wittgenstein: Language Games, Tractatus, and Investigations
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (1889-1951) is unique in the history of philosophy for having produced two profoundly influential but largely incompatible philosophical systems. His first major work, the Tractatus Logic
P_5_06 — Philosophy of Mathematics
The philosophy of mathematics investigates the nature of mathematical objects, the status of mathematical truth, and the relationship between mathematics and the physical world. The fundamental question is: Are mathemati
P_5_03 — Aesthetics — Philosophy of Beauty, Art, and the Sublime
Aesthetics — the philosophical study of beauty, art, taste, and the sublime — has been a central philosophical concern from Plato's suspicion of art as dangerous imitation to contemporary debates about the nature of aest
P_2_12 — Meta-Ethics: Moral Realism, Emotivism, and Constructivism
Meta-ethics is the branch of moral philosophy that asks foundational questions not about what is right or wrong (that is normative ethics) but about the nature, status, and foundations of moral claims themselves: Do mora
P_2_14 — Philosophy of Action: Agency, Intention, and Collective Action
The philosophy of action investigates the nature of human agency — what it means to act (as opposed to merely moving), what makes an action intentional, how reasons relate to causes, and how individual agency extends to
ZE_5_11 — Moral Relativism vs. Universalism: Cross-Cultural Moral Disagreement
The debate between moral relativism and moral universalism is among the most fundamental in ethics. Relativism holds that moral judgments are valid only relative to a cultural, historical, or individual framework — there
ZE_4_03 — Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility
Business ethics examines the moral principles governing commercial activity, while corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks address the broader obligations of corpo
ZE_4_13 — Ethics of Wealth and Poverty: Rawls, Nozick, Singer, and Distributive Justice
The ethics of wealth and poverty asks one of the most consequential moral questions: What do the affluent owe the poor? And, more broadly, what constitutes a just distribution of resources? Three towering 20th-century ph
ZE_1_09 — Metaethics and Moral Realism
Metaethics asks not "what should I do?" (normative ethics) but "what is the nature of moral claims themselves?" — investigating whether moral facts exist, what moral language means, how moral knowledge is possible, and t
ZE_1_11 — Pragmatist Ethics
Pragmatist ethics — developed primarily by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914), William James (1842–1910), John Dewey (1859–1952), and further by Richard Rorty (1931–2007) and Cornel West (b. 1953) — rejects the search fo
ZE_1_13 — Philosophy of Play, Games, and the Sacred Ludic
The philosophy of play examines one of humanity's most fundamental yet philosophically neglected activities. Johan Huizinga (Homo Ludens, 1938) argued that play is not merely one activity among others but the foundation
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