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Search 3,717 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence
331 results for "alternative archaeology" — page 1 of 17
M_4_15 — The Richat Structure and the Atlantis Hypothesis
The Richat Structure (Guelb er Richat, "Eye of the Sahara") is a prominent ~40-km-diameter circular geological formation in the Adrar Plateau of Mauritania (21.13°N, 11.40°W). Its concentric ring pattern — visible from s
G_4_08 — Graham Hancock — Data-Driven Evaluation of Claims
Graham Hancock (b. 1950, Edinburgh) is a British journalist and author who has become the most prominent advocate of the "lost civilization" hypothesis — the idea that an advanced civilization existed before the end of t
M_5_21 — Maritime Archaeology & Submerged Ancient Sites
Maritime archaeology — the study of human interaction with the sea through material remains — has revealed that the ocean floor and coastal shelves hold some of the most significant and best-preserved evidence of ancient
M_5_12 — Replication Archaeology & Experimental Reconstruction
Replication archaeology — the systematic reconstruction and testing of ancient technologies, tools, structures, and processes under controlled or field conditions — represents one of experimental archaeology's most produ
U_1_05 — Musical Instruments: Archaeology & Evolution
Musical instruments are among humanity's oldest manufactured artifacts, with bone flutes from the Swabian Jura (southern Germany) dating to ~40,000 BP — contemporary with the earliest figurative art and suggesting that m
X_1_14 — Medical Archaeology
Medical archaeology (also called paleopathology and bioarchaeology) is the study of disease, injury, healing, and medical practice in past populations using physical evidence — primarily skeletal remains, mummified tissu
ZF_3_16 — Underwater Cultural Heritage: Submerged Archaeology and Maritime History
Underwater cultural heritage encompasses the vast archaeological record preserved beneath the world's oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes — estimated to include over 3 million shipwrecks worldwide, along with submerged settl
ZF_3_02 — Maritime Archaeology: Shipwrecks, Sunken Cities, and Submerged Structures
Maritime archaeology — the study of human interaction with the sea through material remains — has matured from treasure-hunting salvage into a rigorous scientific discipline that applies the same stratigraphic principles
ZF_3_01 — Sea-Level History: Glacial Cycles, Meltwater Pulses, and Coastal Archaeology
Sea level has varied by over 120 meters between glacial and interglacial periods, repeatedly reshaping coastlines, exposing and flooding continental shelves, and creating or destroying land bridges that directed human mi
E_3_11 — Earthquake Archaeology and Seismic Catastrophes
Archaeoseismology — the study of past earthquakes using archaeological evidence — reveals that seismic catastrophes have repeatedly destroyed, reshaped, and sometimes permanently ended ancient urban centers and entire ci
J_2_01 — Ancient Metallurgy and Experimental Archaeology
Ancient metallurgy represents some of humanity's most sophisticated material science, including achievements that weren't replicated until centuries or millennia later. Damascus/wootz steel contains carbon NANOTUBES — di
Q_1_17 — Modified Gravity Theories (MOND, TeVeS, and Alternatives to Dark Matter)
Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a hypothesis proposed by Mordehai Milgrom in 1983 that modifies Newton's second law at very low accelerations (below approximately 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ m/s²) to explain galaxy rotation curves
Q_1_19 — Cosmic Inflation Alternatives: Bouncing, Cyclic, and Variable Speed of Light Models
Cosmic inflation — the paradigm that the universe underwent exponential expansion in the first ~10⁻³⁶ to 10⁻³² seconds — has been the standard framework for explaining the horizon problem (why the cosmic microwave backgr
INTERDOC_26 — Forbidden Archaeology and Paradigm Gatekeeping
Thomas Kuhn (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962) demonstrated that science does not progress by smooth accumulation of knowledge but through paradigm shifts: periods of "normal science" (working within accepte
G_4_09 — Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology: Reading the Dead
Bioarchaeology—the study of human remains from archaeological contexts—transforms skeletons from anonymous objects into biographical records of individual lives. Through stable isotope analysis of bone and tooth enamel,
G_4_15 — Acoustic Archaeology — How Ancient Spaces Were Designed for Sound
Acoustic archaeology (archaeoacoustics) is the scientific study of how ancient built environments and natural spaces shaped sound and how sound was used in ritual, communication, and performance in the past. The field co
G_1_03 — Remote Sensing Satellite Archaeology and Geophysics
Remote sensing and geophysical survey — the use of satellite imagery, airborne sensors, and ground-based electromagnetic instruments to detect buried or hidden archaeological features without excavation — has become one
G_1_02 — Digital Archaeology: LiDAR, Remote Sensing, GIS, and AI in Discovery
Digital archaeology encompasses a suite of non-invasive and computational technologies that have revolutionised how sites are discovered, documented, and interpreted. Airborne LiDAR has revealed entire cities beneath tro
G_1_18 — Acoustic Archaeology & Archaeoacoustics
Acoustic archaeology (archaeoacoustics) is the study of sound in past environments and the acoustic properties of archaeological sites, monuments, and artifacts. Emerging as a formal subdiscipline in the 1990s through th
G_1_01 — Experimental Archaeology: Testing Ancient Technologies
Experimental archaeology is a sub-discipline that tests hypotheses about past technologies, construction methods, and subsistence strategies through physical replication and controlled experimentation. From Thor Heyerdah
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