RESEARCH BASE
Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence
3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.
28 results for "Paul Martin" — page 1 of 2
E_3_05 — Megafauna Extinction — Overkill, Climate, or Cosmic Impact?
The late Quaternary megafauna extinction represents one of the most dramatic biodiversity losses in the last 66 million years, eliminating approximately 178 species of large-bodied mammals (≥44 kg) across six continents
R_5_02 — Megafauna Extinction: Quaternary Losses and the Overkill Debate
Between ~50,000 and 10,000 years ago, Earth lost the majority of its large-bodied animals (megafauna >44 kg) — woolly mammoths, ground sloths, saber-toothed cats, giant wombats, moa, and dozens of other spectacular speci
N_2_15 — Bogomils, Paulicians & Eastern Dualist Heresies
The Bogomils, Paulicians, and related eastern dualist movements represent one of the most persistent counter-traditions in Christian history — a chain of heretical sects spanning from 7th-century Armenia to 15th-century
U_1_09 — Sound Art and Experimental Music
Sound art — art that uses sound as its primary medium, often in spatial installations or environmental contexts — and experimental music — music that challenges conventional assumptions about composition, performance, in
U_2_14 — Minimalism in Art: Reduction, Silence, and Essential Form
Minimalism — emerging in the early 1960s in New York as a radical reaction against the emotional excess of Abstract Expressionism — reduced art to its most fundamental elements: simple geometric forms, industrial materia
ZH_3_05 — Nazca Lines: Astronomical and Ecological Hypotheses
The Nazca Lines are a vast complex of geoglyphs — ground drawings created by removing the dark, iron-oxide-coated desert pavement to reveal the lighter ground beneath — spread across the arid Pampa de Nazca and surroundi
C_1_02 — Trickster Archetype
The trickster is among the most universal figures in world mythology — a boundary-crossing, rule-breaking, shape-shifting entity who operates between categories (divine/human, order/chaos, life/death, male/female) and wh
Z_5_13 — Molecular Clocks: Timing Evolution at the Sequence Level
Molecular clocks — the observation that DNA and protein sequences accumulate substitutions (mutations that become fixed in a lineage) at approximately regular rates over long periods of evolutionary time, enabling the es
Y_2_03 — Synchronicity, Meaningful Coincidence, and Acausal Connection
Synchronicity—defined by Carl Jung as "meaningful coincidence with no causal connection"—represents one of the most provocative concepts at the intersection of psychology, physics, and philosophy. Developed through Jung'
ZG_5_17 — Neurolinguistics & Brain Imaging
Neurolinguistics — the study of the neural mechanisms underlying the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language — has been transformed by advances in neuroimaging technology since the 1990s, moving from a fie
Q_4_21 — Chromatography: Separation Science from Tswett to Modern Proteomics
Chromatography — the separation of mixtures by differential partitioning between a stationary phase and a mobile phase — is the most widely used analytical technique in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Mikhail Tswett (U
G_4_03 — Ball Lightning, Earthquake Lights, and Anomalous Atmospheric Phenomena
Ball lightning — glowing, roughly spherical objects that float through the air, pass through walls, and sometimes explode — has been reported for centuries by thousands of witnesses, including scientists, airline pilots,
ZD_1_13 — Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Information Theory
Kolmogorov complexity (also called algorithmic complexity, descriptive complexity, or program-size complexity) — the length of the shortest computer program (on a fixed universal Turing machine) that produces a given str
ZD_1_09 — Conway's Game of Life and Recreational Mathematics
Conway's Game of Life (1970), a two-dimensional cellular automaton devised by mathematician John Horton Conway (1937–2020), stands as perhaps the most famous example of how astonishingly complex behavior can arise from e
L_4_03 — Genetic Clocks and Molecular Dating
The molecular clock — the concept that DNA and protein sequences accumulate mutations at approximately regular rates over time — provides a powerful tool for dating evolutionary divergences independently of the fossil re
Y_2_07 — Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Religious Experience
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) — seizures originating in the temporal lobes, which contain structures critical for memory (hippocampus), emotion (amygdala), and sensory-experiential processing — produces some of the most d
H_1_17 — COINTELPRO — FBI Domestic Surveillance
COINTELPRO (an acronym for COunter INTELligence PROgram) was a series of covert and illegal projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1956 to 1971, aimed at surveilling, infiltrat
P_5_14 — African Philosophy Beyond Ubuntu: Sage, Négritude, and Ethnophilosophy
African philosophy extends far beyond the Ubuntu concept most familiar to Western audiences. It is a diverse, complex, frequently contested field encompassing multiple traditions, methods, and debates. The "Great Debate"
ZE_5_05 — Ethics of Civil Disobedience: Thoreau, Gandhi, King, and Nonviolent Resistance
Civil disobedience — the deliberate, public, nonviolent violation of law undertaken to protest injustice and appeal to the moral conscience of the community — occupies a distinctive position in political ethics. It is no
ZE_4_11 — Philosophy of Resistance: Civil Disobedience and Dissent
The philosophy of resistance — the ethical, political, and practical dimensions of civil disobedience, conscientious objection, nonviolent direct action, and revolutionary dissent — addresses one of the most fundamental
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