RESEARCH BASE
Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence
3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.
25 results for "temporal discounting" — page 1 of 2
ZE_2_08 — Philosophy of Time and Temporal Ethics
The philosophy of time and temporal ethics investigates how our understanding of time's nature shapes moral obligations. McTaggart's 1908 argument that time is unreal introduced the distinction between A-series (past/pre
ZC_1_11 — Psychology of Time
The psychology of time encompasses how humans perceive duration, orient themselves across past-present-future, and how temporal cognition influences decision-making, memory, motivation, and well-being.
T_5_24 — Time Perception: Chronobiology, Subjective Duration, and Temporal Consciousness
Time perception — how organisms experience, measure, and represent temporal duration — is one of neuroscience's most fundamental yet poorly understood phenomena. Unlike vision or hearing, there is no dedicated sensory or
Y_2_07 — Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Religious Experience
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) — seizures originating in the temporal lobes, which contain structures critical for memory (hippocampus), emotion (amygdala), and sensory-experiential processing — produces some of the most d
Y_2_13 — Ecstatic Seizures: Dostoevsky, Elation, and Temporal Lobe Pre-Ictal States
Ecstatic seizures — epileptic seizures preceded or accompanied by intense feelings of bliss, transcendence, clarity, and profound meaning rather than the typical dread, confusion, or dysphoria — represent one of the most
K_5_09 — Consciousness and Time Perception: How the Brain Creates Now
Time is perhaps the most intimate dimension of consciousness: every conscious experience occurs in time, and our sense of temporal flow — the feeling that time "passes," that the present moment is real and moving forward
Y_2_11 — Déjà Vu and Anomalous Memory Experiences
Déjà vu — from the French "already seen" — is the subjective, compelling sensation that a present experience has been previously encountered, despite the experiencer's knowledge that the situation is objectively novel. F
ZH_1_08 — Sundials, Gnomons, and Ancient Timekeeping Devices
The gnomon — a vertical stick, pillar, or edge that casts a shadow — is arguably the oldest scientific instrument in human history, requiring nothing more than a straight object placed in sunlight to measure time, determ
K_2_08 — The Binding Problem in Consciousness
The binding problem asks how the brain creates unified, coherent conscious experiences from the distributed, specialized processing activity of millions of neurons across separate brain regions. When you see a red ball r
ZG_5_08 — Neurolinguistics: Broca, Wernicke, Imaging, and the Language Brain
Neurolinguistics — the study of the neural basis of language — investigates how the brain represents, processes, produces, and comprehends language, drawing on evidence from brain lesions (aphasia studies), electrophysio
ZC_1_07 — Behavioral Economics — Nudge Theory & Decision-Making
Behavioral economics integrates psychological insights into economic models of human decision-making, challenging the neoclassical assumption of perfectly rational "Homo economicus" and documenting systematic deviations
O_1_09 — Persinger's Tectonic Strain Theory and Geomagnetic Anomalies
Michael Persinger (1945–2018), a neuroscientist at Laurentian University (Sudbury, Ontario), developed the Tectonic Strain Theory (TST) — a hypothesis proposing that stress accumulating along geological fault zones produ
B_2_09 — Shadow People, Sleep Paralysis Entities, and Dark Figures
Shadow people, dark figures, and night-visiting entities represent one of the most consistently reported anomalous experiences across human cultures. The phenomenon centers on sleep paralysis — a state where the body rem
B_2_12 — Doppelgängers, Spirit Doubles, and the Ka
The experience of encountering one's own double — or a spectral duplicate of another person — is one of the most unsettling and widely reported phenomena in human experience. Ancient Egyptian religion formalized the conc
Y_2_05 — Near-Death Experiences: Cross-Cultural Analysis
Near-death experiences (NDEs) — profound subjective experiences occurring during clinical death, cardiac arrest, or perceived proximity to death — have been reported across virtually all cultures and historical periods.
Y_3_04 — Mystical Experience — Neuroscience of the Numinous
Mystical experiences — characterized by unity consciousness, noetic quality, ineffability, transcendence of time and space, and deep positive affect — have been reported across every known culture and religious tradition
Y_3_09 — Prayer, Contemplation, and the Neuroscience of Religious Experience
The neuroscientific study of prayer and religious experience — sometimes termed neurotheology (d'Aquili & Newberg, 1999) — has moved from philosophical speculation to empirical investigation using neuroimaging, EEG, and
Y_3_07 — Music, Consciousness, and Altered States
Music is one of the most powerful modulators of conscious experience available without pharmacological intervention. Neuroimaging reveals that music engages an extraordinarily distributed network: auditory cortex (superi
P_3_16 — Heidegger & Phenomenology
Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) is widely regarded as one of the most influential — and controversial — philosophers of the 20th century. His magnum opus, Sein und Zeit (Being and Time, 1927), transformed Western philosophy
P_1_09 — Philosophy of Time
The philosophy of time addresses some of the deepest questions in metaphysics: Is time real or an illusion? Does the present moment have a special ontological status, or are past, present, and future equally real? Does t
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