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36 results for "biodiversity" — page 1 of 2
E_5_06 — Holocene Sixth Mass Extinction: Current Biodiversity Crisis
The Holocene "Sixth Mass Extinction" hypothesis holds that current species loss rates are 100–1,000 times the normal background extinction rate, driven primarily by human activity: habitat destruction, overexploitation,
ZB_5_15 — Citizen Science in Ecology: Participatory Research and Large-Scale Biodiversity Monitoring
Citizen science — the participation of non-professional volunteers in scientific research — has become an indispensable component of modern ecology, generating datasets of unprecedented spatial and temporal scale that no
ZB_3_02 — Coral Reef Ecology: Symbiosis, Bleaching, and Biodiversity Hotspots
Coral reefs, built by tiny colonial cnidarians over millennia, harbor approximately 25% of all marine species while covering less than 0.1% of the ocean floor — earning the title "rainforests of the sea." The ecological
O_3_01 — Biodiversity, Ecosystem Intelligence, and the Superorganism
Earth harbors an estimated 8.7 million eukaryotic species (Mora et al. 2011), of which only ~1.5-1.8 million have been formally described — meaning roughly 80% of species remain unknown to science. When prokaryotes (bact
ZF_2_13 — Marine Invertebrate Diversity — Cnidarians, Echinoderms, Mollusks
Marine invertebrates — animals without backbones — constitute the vast majority of animal diversity in the ocean: of ~230,000 described marine animal species, approximately 195,000 (85%) are invertebrates, spanning more
ZB_5_14 — Conservation Biology
Conservation biology — the scientific study of biodiversity loss and the methods to protect species, habitats, and ecosystems — was formally established as a discipline by Michael Soulé (University of California, San Die
ZB_5_18 — Insect Decline Crisis
The global insect decline — sometimes called the "insect apocalypse" in popular media — refers to accumulating evidence that insect populations, biomass, and diversity are decreasing at alarming rates across many regions
ZB_4_09 — Canopy Ecology: Life in the Forest Roof
The forest canopy — the aggregate of tree crowns forming the uppermost vegetative layer of a forest — is among the most species-rich, least explored, and most ecologically dynamic habitats on Earth, harboring an estimate
ZB_3_22 — Old-Growth Forests & Ancient Woodland Ecology
Old-growth forests — variously defined as primary forests that have developed over centuries without major anthropogenic disturbance — represent the most structurally complex and biologically diverse terrestrial ecosyste
ZB_3_23 — Coral Reef Ecosystem Dynamics
Coral reefs are among Earth's most biodiverse and economically valuable ecosystems, occupying less than 0.1% of the ocean floor yet supporting approximately 25% of all marine species (~830,000 species). Built over millen
ZB_3_25 — Invasive Species and Ecosystem Disruption
Biological invasions — the introduction and establishment of species outside their native range through human activity — are recognized as one of the top five drivers of global biodiversity loss alongside habitat destruc
ZF_2_06 — Mangrove and Estuary Ecosystems
Mangroves and estuaries are transitional ecosystems where terrestrial and marine environments meet, creating some of the most biologically productive and ecologically critical habitats on Earth. Estuaries — semi-enclosed
ZF_5_03 — Marine Protected Areas: Conservation Zones, No-Take Reserves, and Effectiveness
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designated ocean regions where human activity is restricted or managed to conserve biodiversity, protect habitats, and sustain marine resources. Ranging from lightly managed multiple-use
ZF_5_09 — Whale Falls: Deep-Sea Decomposition and Chemosynthetic Ecosystems
Whale falls — the carcasses of large cetaceans that sink to the deep ocean floor — are among the most remarkable ecosystems in the sea, transforming the nutrient-poor desert of the abyssal plains into oases of biological
ZB_5_22 — Deforestation, Land Use Change & Forest Ecology
Deforestation — the permanent conversion of forested land to non-forest uses — has transformed Earth's landscapes since the Neolithic agricultural revolution and accelerated dramatically since 1950. Between 2001 and 2020
ZB_5_16 — Ecosystem Services Quantification
Ecosystem services quantification attempts to assign monetary or biophysical values to the benefits that natural systems provide to humanity — including pollination, water purification, carbon sequestration, flood regula
ZB_5_20 — Citizen Science: Public Participation in Scientific Research
Citizen science — also termed community science, participatory science, or public participation in scientific research (PPSR) — involves non-professional volunteers in systematic data collection, analysis, or interpretat
ZB_4_16 — Mangrove Ecosystems
Mangroves are a group of approximately 70 species of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that occupy the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coastlines worldwide, forming dense tidal forests that rank among the most p
ZB_4_14 — Acoustic Ecology: Soundscape Science and Biophonic Monitoring
Acoustic ecology — the study of the relationship between living organisms and their sonic environment — has evolved from an artistic and philosophical discipline into a quantitative ecological science with major conserva
ZB_4_05 — Urban Ecology: Nature in the City
Urban ecology studies the distribution, abundance, and interactions of organisms within cities and urbanized landscapes — environments that now house over 56% of humanity (projected ~68% by 2050) and cover ~3% of Earth's
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