RESEARCH BASE

Search 3,721 documents across 34 fields — every claim tier-rated by evidence

3,721 Documents 34 Sections 43,625 Citations 34,852 Keywords Indexed 4 Evidence Tiers

3,633 are the core, quality-scored corpus (34 lettered sections — see How We Work); the remaining 88 are cross-corpus synthesis documents (68 InterDocs, 12 Connections, 8 Theories) also indexed here.

237 results for "Islamic state" — page 1 of 12

W_3_23 Verified World Civilizations

W_3_23 — Kanem-Bornu Empire

The Kanem-Bornu Empire (c. 700–1893 CE) was one of the longest-lived states in African history, persisting through multiple dynastic phases for over a millennium around the Lake Chad basin. Founded by the Sayfawa dynasty

Kanem-Bornu Lake Chad Sayfawa dynasty trans-Saharan trade Kanuri mais
U_2_20 Credible Art, Music & Culture

U_2_20 — Islamic Geometric Art: Pattern, Calligraphy & Arabesque

Islamic geometric art — one of the most sophisticated and mathematically advanced artistic traditions in human history — developed from the 8th century CE across a vast geographic range from Andalusia to Central Asia, pr

islamic-art geometric-patterns calligraphy arabesque girih-tiles muqarnas
U_2_18 Credible Art, Music & Culture

U_2_18 — Islamic Geometric Art & Calligraphy

Islamic geometric art represents one of humanity's most sophisticated achievements in mathematical pattern-making, developed over a millennium across an artistic tradition stretching from Spain to Central Asia. Constrain

Islamic geometric art girih tiles muqarnas arabesque calligraphy aniconism
Credible

INTERDOC_68 — Entity Categories as Attractors in Consciousness State-Space

A recurring mystery across the corpus: why do DMT users, shamanic practitioners, near-death experiencers, medieval monks, ancient temple visitors, and modern abduction reporters describe the same limited set of entity ty

entity encounters consciousness state-space attractors DMT entities NDE beings shamanic entities
W_1_17 Verified World Civilizations

W_1_17 — Islamic Caliphates Comparative Governance

The Islamic caliphates (632–1258 CE for the Rashidun–Abbasid sequence) governed the largest contiguous empire in history by the Umayyad period, stretching from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus Valley. This document com

Islamic caliphates Umayyad Abbasid Fatimid Bayt al-Hikma translation movement
W_2_23 Verified World Civilizations

W_2_23 — Pyu City-States

The Pyu city-states (c. 200 BCE – 1050 CE) were the earliest urbanized polities in mainland Southeast Asia, located in the dry zone and Irrawaddy River valley of modern Myanmar (Burma). Three major walled cities — Beikth

Pyu city-states Sri Ksetra Beikthano Halin Myanmar Theravada Buddhism
W_5_20 Verified World Civilizations

W_5_20 — Renaissance Italian City-States: Commerce, Culture, and Innovation

The Italian Renaissance city-states (c. 1300–1600) — principally Florence, Venice, Milan, Genoa, and the Papal States, along with dozens of smaller polities — constituted one of history's most productive experiments in p

Renaissance city-state Florence Venice Medici banking
ZH_2_17 Credible Archaeoastronomy

ZH_2_17 — Islamic Golden Age Astronomy: Observation, Innovation, and the Preservation of Knowledge

Islamic astronomy — the astronomical tradition developed in the Islamic world from the 8th through the 15th centuries CE — represents one of the most productive and consequential scientific enterprises in human history,

Islamic astronomy Golden Age al-Battani al-Tusi Maragha observatory
ZH_2_16 Verified Archaeoastronomy

ZH_2_16 — Islamic Astronomical Tables (Zīj): Precision Observation and Computational Tradition from Baghdad to Samarkand

The zīj (Arabic: زيج, plural zījāt) is the Islamic astronomical handbook tradition — comprehensive sets of numerical tables and computational instructions enabling astronomers to calculate the positions of the Sun, Moon,

zij Islamic astronomy astronomical tables al-Khwarizmi Ptolemy planetary theory
ZH_2_03 Verified Archaeoastronomy

ZH_2_03 — Islamic Golden Age Astronomy: Observatories and Star Catalogs

Islamic astronomy (c. 750–1500 CE) represents one of the most productive and sophisticated periods in the history of astronomical science — a sustained tradition of observation, mathematical innovation, and critical enga

Islamic astronomy Arabic astronomy observatory star catalog al-Sufi al-Battani
ZG_1_11 Verified Linguistics & Communication

ZG_1_11 — Arabic Script — Calligraphy, Typography, and Islamic Writing

The Arabic script is the third most widely used writing system in the world (after Latin and Chinese), employed to write not only Arabic but also Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), Swahili (historicall

Arabic script calligraphy Kufic Naskh Thuluth Nasta'liq
T_3_13 Credible Psychology & Social

T_3_13 — Flow States: Optimal Experience, Peak Performance, and the Psychology of Engagement

Flow — the state of complete absorption in an activity where action and awareness merge, self-consciousness fades, time perception distorts, and performance feels effortless yet optimal — was first systematically describ

flow state Csikszentmihalyi optimal experience peak performance intrinsic motivation autotelic
T_3_12 Credible Psychology & Social

T_3_12 — Altered States of Consciousness: Trance, Meditation, and Sensory Deprivation

Altered states of consciousness (ASCs) — states that differ qualitatively from ordinary waking awareness in terms of perception, cognition, self-awareness, affect, and volition — have been systematically studied since th

altered state of consciousness ASC trance meditation sensory deprivation float tank
T_5_15 Verified Psychology & Social

T_5_15 — Sport Psychology: Flow States, Peak Performance, and Mental Training

Sport psychology — the scientific study of psychological factors influencing athletic performance, exercise behavior, and physical activity — spans applied mental skills training (visualization, self-talk, goal setting,

sport psychology flow state peak performance mental training visualization choking under pressure
Y_4_16 Verified Altered States

Y_4_16 — Hypnagogia: The Threshold State Between Waking and Sleep

Hypnagogia is the transitional state of consciousness experienced during the onset of sleep (waking-to-sleep), characterized by vivid spontaneous imagery, auditory hallucinations, distorted body perception, and loosened

hypnagogia hypnagogic hypnopompic sleep onset threshold consciousness tetris effect
Y_4_21 Credible Altered States

Y_4_21 — Fasting-Induced Altered States

Fasting-induced altered states of consciousness — visionary experiences, euphoria, time distortion, dissociation, and mystical-type experiences produced by prolonged food deprivation — represent one of humanity's oldest

fasting altered states ketosis beta-hydroxybutyrate vision quest asceticism
Y_5_08 Credible Altered States

Y_5_08 — Sweat Lodge and Heat-Induced Altered States

The sweat lodge — and heat-induced altered states more broadly — represents one of the most ancient and geographically widespread methods of intentionally altering consciousness through controlled hyperthermia: sustained

sweat lodge inipi Lakota sauna banya heat therapy
Y_5_11 Verified Altered States

Y_5_11 — Endurance Exercise and Runner's High: Movement-Induced Altered States

Endurance exercise — sustained aerobic physical activity such as distance running, cycling, swimming, or cross-country skiing — is one of the most reliable, accessible, and physiologically well-understood pathways to alt

runner's high endocannabinoid endorphins transient hypofrontality ultra-marathon exercise
Y_5_10 Credible Altered States

Y_5_10 — Extreme Fasting: Breatharian Claims, Autophagy, and Metabolic States

Extreme fasting — prolonged and severe caloric restriction or complete food abstinence — occupies a unique position at the intersection of contemplative/ascetic practice, metabolic science, and pseudoscientific extremism

fasting autophagy caloric restriction breatharianism inedia metabolic states
Y_2_09 Verified Altered States

Y_2_09 — Sleep Paralysis, Hypnagogia, and Liminal States

Sleep paralysis — a temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking — is one of the most universal and culturally interpreted altered states, experienced by an estimated 7.6% of the general population

sleep paralysis hypnagogia hypnopompia hypnagogic hallucination old hag kanashibari